Table 2.
Primers used in this study for amplification of class 1 and class 2 integrons and other antibiotic resistant genes
| Primer pair | Target | Sequence (5´–3´) | Annealing temperature (◦C) | Amplicon size (bp) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primer 1 16s-8F | 16S rDNA | AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG | 60 | 456 | [36] |
| Primer 2 16s-517 | 16S rDNA | ATTACCGCGGCTGCTGG | 60 | 456 | [37] |
| IntI1_F | Class 1 integrase gene | CCTCCCGCACGATGATC | 55 | 270 | [38] |
| IntI1_R | TCCACGCATCGTCAGGC | ||||
| IntI2_F | Class 2 integrase gene | TTATTGCTGGGATTAGGC | 50 | 233 | [39] |
| IntI2_R | ACGGCTACCCTCTGTTATC | ||||
| 5′_CS | Class 1 integron variable region | GGCATCCAAGCAGCAAG | 58.5 | Variable | [40] |
| 3′_CS | AAGCAGACTTGACCTGA | ||||
| Hep_F | Class 2 integron variable region | CGGGATCCCGGACGGCATGCACGATTTGTA | 60 | Variable | [41] |
| Hep_R | GATGCCATCGCAAGTACGAG | ||||
| Sul1-F | sul1 | CGGCGTGGGCTACCTGAACG | 60 | 433 | [42] |
| Sul1-R | GCCGATCGCGTGAAGTTCCG | ||||
| Sul2-F | sul2 | GCGCTCAAGGCAGATGGCATT | 60 | 293 | [42] |
| Sul2-R | GCGTTTGATACCGGCACCCGT | ||||
| pVP440sul3F | sul3 | TCAAAGCAAAATGATATGAGC | 55 | 787 | [42] |
| pVP440sul3R | TTTCAAGGCATCTGATAAAGAC | ||||
| qacEΔ1F | qacEΔ1F | ATC GCA ATA GTT GGC GAA GT | 58 | 800 | [43] |
| sul1-B | sul1-B | GCA AGG CGG AAA CCC GCG CC | 58 | [44] | |
| aph (3″)c-F | aph (3″)c | GCTCAAAGGTCGAGGTGTGG | 55 | 515 | [27] |
| aph (3″)c-R | CCAGTTCTCTTCGGCGTTAG | 55 | 515 | [27] | |
| ant (3″)b-F | ant (3″)b | CAGCGCAATGACATTCTTGC | 55 | 295 | [27] |
| ant (3″)b-F | GTCGGCAGCGACA(C/T)CCTTCG | 55 | 295 | [27] | |
| aph(6)-1dd-F | aph(6)-1dd | GACTCCTGCAATCGTCAAGG | 55 | 560 | [27] |
| aph(6)-1dd-R | GCAATGCGTCTAGGATCGAG | 55 | 560 | [27] | |
| tet(A)-F | tet(A) | TTGGCATTCTGCATTCACTC | 60 | 494 | [45] |
| tet(A)-R | GTATAGCTTGCCGGAAGTCG | 60 | 494 | [45] | |
| tet(B)-F | tet(B) | CAGTGCTGTTGTTGTCATTAA | 60 | 571 | [45] |
| tet(B)-R | GCTTGGAATACTGAGTGTAA | 60 | 571 | [45] | |
| tet(E)-F | tet(E) | TATTAACGGGCTGGCATTTC | 55 | 544 | [45] |
| tet(E)-R | AGCTGTCAGGTGGGTCAAAC | 55 | 544 | [45] | |
| tet(M)-F | ACACGCCAGGACATATGGAT | 55 | 536 | [45] | |
| tet(M)-R | tet(M) | ATTTCCGCAAAGTTCAGACG | 55 | 536 | [45] |
| tet(30)-F | tet(30) | CCGTCATGCAATTTGTGTTC | 55 | 550 | [45] |
| tet(30)-R | TAGAGCACCCAGATCGTTCC | 55 | 550 | [45] | |
| SHV_F | bla SHV | GCGAAAGCCAGCTGTCGGGC | 62 | 538 | [46] |
| SHV_R | GATTGGCGGCGCTGTTATCGC | 62 | 538 | [46] | |
| CTX_F | bla CTX-M | GTGCAGTACCAGTAAAGTTATGG | 55 | 538 | [46] |
| CTX_R | CGCAATATCATTGGTGGTGCC | 538 | [46] | ||
| TEM_F | bla TEM | AAAGATGCTGAAGATCA | 44 | 425 | [46] |
| TEM_R | TTTGGTATGGCTTCATTC | 425 | [46] |