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Schematic of hypothesized role for α-glucan degrading enzymes in the pathogenesis of GAS pharyngitis. Degradation of α-glucans (such as starch or glycogen) by human salivary α-amylase results in the production of linear maltodextrins which can be used as an energy source for GAS proliferation. Alternatively, GAS AmyA α-glucan digestions leads to cyclic maltodextrin formation resulting in a decrease in epithelial transepithelial resistance and subsequent GAS translocation.
