Table 1.

Patterns of Strength and Weakness in Adaptive Behavior Domains for Males and Females with FXS Reported in Past Studies

Domain of Adaptive Behavior	Pattern	Reference	Sample
Communication	Strength	Burack et al., 1999	Cross-sectional study of 17 males between 5 and 17 years
		Fisch et al., 2007	Longitudinal study of 44 males between 4.9 and 10.9 years at Time 1
		Hatton et al., 2003	Longitudinal study of 10 females between 12 and 110 months at Time 1
	Weakness	Dykens et al., 1996	Cross-sectional study of 132 males between 1 and 20 years and 21 males between 21 and 40 years
		Fisch et al., 1999b	Longitudinal study of 28 males between 4 and 14 years
Socialization	Strength	Klaiman et al., 2014	Study of 186 males between 2 and 18 who had been observed between 1 and 4 time points
	Weakness	Dykens, Hodapp, Ort, & Leckman, 1993	Two-time point study of 17 males between 1 and 17 **Note: weakness only observed in 10–17 year olds
		Fisch et al., 2007	Longitudinal study of 44 males between 4.9 and 10.9 years at Time 1
		Freund et al., 1993	Cross-sectional study of 17 females between 4 and 27 years
		Hatton et al., 2003	Longitudinal study of 55 males between 12 and 143 months and 10 females between 12 and 110 months at Time 1
Daily Living	Strength	Burack et al., 1999	Cross-sectional study of 17 males between 5 and 17 years
		Dykens, Hodapp, & Leckman, 1989	Cross-sectional study of 27 males between 9 and 51 years
		Dykens, Hodapp, Ort, & Leckman, 1993	Two-time point study of 17 males between 1 to 17 years **Note: Strength only observed in 10–17 year olds
		Dykens et al., 1996	Cross-sectional study of 132 males between 1 and 20 years and 21 males between 21 and 40 years
		Fisch et al., 1999b	Longitudinal study of 28 males between 4 and 14 years
		Fisch et al., 2007	Longitudinal study of 44 males between 4.9 and 10.9 years at Time 1
		Hatton et al., 2003	Longitudinal study of 55 males between 12 and 143 months and 10 females between 12 and 110 months at Time 1
		Rogers, Wehner, & Hagerman, 2001	Cross-sectional study of 23 males and 1 female between 28 and 41 months
Motor Skillsa	Strength	Hatton et al., 2003	Longitudinal study of 10 females between 12 and 110 months at Time

Note: This table only includes studies that stated a domain was an area of strength or weakness. Studies that just indicated a domain as higher or lower in comparison to one another were not included.

^aMost studies of adaptive behavior using the VABS have not examined the motor skills domain because the samples were older than 60 months.