Table 1.
PAWS | WSFW | SMP | HMP | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 324 | 120 | 109 | 111 |
Age (years) | M = 5.31 (SD = 0.32) | M = 7.27 (SD = 0.24) | M = 10.37 (SD = 2.60) | M = 12.35 (SD = 0.55) |
Range = 4.75–6.28 | Range = 6.80–7.80 | Range = 7.01–15.08 | Range = 11.09–13.05 | |
Gender (% girls) | N = 157 girls (49%) | N = 73 girls (61%) | N = 57 girls (52%) | N = 58 girls (52%) |
Parents with college degree | 75% | 59%a | 66% | NA |
Annual household income | Mdn = $80,000–$99,999 | Mdn = $49,000 | Mdn = $60,001–$100,000 | NA |
Study tasks | Range = <$10,000–>$400,000 | Range = <$10,000–>$200,000 | Range = <$15,000–>$200,000 | |
Lab challenges | 15-min stress paradigm | 15-min stress paradigm | TSST-M | 1. Star tracing/reaction time tasks |
2. TSST-C | ||||
Baseline activities | Neutral activities | Neutral stories | Casual conversation | 1. Relaxing video |
2. Casual conversation | ||||
Measures | ||||
Autonomic nervous system PEP (SNS), RSA (PNS), HR |
Collected continuously during reactivity protocol and neutral activities |
Collected continuously during reactivity protocol and neutral stories |
Collected continuously during casual conversation and TSST-M |
Collected continuously during start tracing and reaction time task and video |
HPA axis Salivary Cortisol |
Collected before and after reactivity protocol |
Collected before and after reactivity protocol |
Collected before and repeatedly after TSST-M |
Collected before and repeatedly after TSST-C |
Note: The stress paradigm included a brief social interview, the digit span, a sensation test, and watching emotional videos (Boyce et al., 2001; Quas et al., 2004). PAWS, Peers and Wellness Study; WSFW, Wisconsin Study of Families and Work; SMP, Stress and Memory Project; HMP, Hearts and Minds Project; TSST, Trier Social Stress Test (Kirschbaum et al., 1993); SNS, sympathetic nervous system; PEP, preejection period; RSA, respiratory sinus arrhythmia; HR heart rate; HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal. The TSST-M (Yim et al., 2010) required children give a speech about themselves and complete mental arithmetic. The TSST-C (Buske-Kirschbaum et al., 1997) required children answer questions about a story and complete a mental arithmetic.
For WSFW, the percentage corresponds to mothers.