. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 2.

Published in final edited form as: J Educ Psychol. 2012 Nov;104(4):954–958. doi: 10.1037/a0027757

Table 2.

Descriptive Statistics for Children’s Letter-Naming Abilities and Literacy Achievement

Measure	n^a	M	SD	Range
Preschool uppercase letter-naming ability	369	17.60	8.99	0–26
Preschool lowercase letter-naming ability	371	14.87	9.08	0–26
First-grade Letter-Word Identification	371	108.85	12.83	51–139
First-grade Spelling	369	107.66	13.65	61–148
First-grade Passage Comprehension	370	99.61	12.79	43–134

Note. Raw numbers of letter names known are presented for letter-naming abilities; standard scores (M = 100, SD = 15) are presented for first-grade literacy achievement measures, representing, respectively, the Letter– Word Identification, Spelling, and Passage Comprehension subtests of the Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Achievement (3rd ed.; Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001).

Sample sizes ranged because two children did not complete the uppercase letter-naming and Spelling subtests, and one child did not to complete the Passage Comprehension subtest.