Table 2.
General characteristics of the study population, categorized by abdominal obesity
| Variables | Non-AO (n = 492) | AO (n = 246) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61 (17) | 61 (17) | 0.972 |
| Gender (M/F) | 260/232 | 130/116 | 1.000 |
| Education level (<high school (%)) | 291 (59 %) | 164 (67 %) | 0.045 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 (3) | 30 (3) | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 87 (10) | 103 (9) | <0.001 |
| Hip (cm) | 101 (6) | 109 (8) | <0.001 |
| WHR | 0.86 (0.09) | 0.95 (0.09) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 190 (39 %) | 128 (52 %) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 91 (13) | 95 (16) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 205 (35) | 204 (39) | 0.763 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 52 (14) | 46 (12) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 168 (82) | 207 (89) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 82 (17 %) | 52 (21 %) | 0.084 |
| Diabetes (%) | 40 (8 %) | 29 (12 %) | 0.110 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 112 (23 %) | 195 (79 %) | <0.001 |
| Smokers (%) | 96 (20 %) | 51 (21 %) | 0.386 |
| Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 6.4 (8.6) | 9.7 (13.1) | <0.001 |
| 8-OXO-DG | 3.1 (1.6) | 3.4 (1.7) | 0.016 |
| MDA (μmol/mg protein) | 0.59 (0.54) | 0.64 (0.61) | 0.289 |
| GSH/GSSG | 4.4 (2.5) | 4.2 (2.6) | 0.334 |
| Vitamin A intake (µg/day) | 887 (519) | 772 (504) | 0.009 |
| Vitamin C intake (mg/day) | 225 (137) | 207 (138) | 0.108 |
| Vitamin E intake (mg/day) | 10.0 (4.6) | 8.7 (4.4) | <0.001 |
Data are mean (±SD). Education level was grouped into two categories for the analysis as less than high school (<high school) and greater than or equal high school. The value of 8-OXO-DG was expressed as the number of oxidized bases/106 deoxyguanosine. P values denote differences between non-AO group and AO group
Non-AO non-abdominal obesity group, AO abdominal obesity group, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist hip ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL high-density lipoprotein, 8-OXO-DG 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine, MDA malondialdehyde, GSH/GSSG ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione