Fig. 4.

Fragmentation of cob-trnS ₁ -trnN-trnE-trnM minichromosome in the lineage leading to the human head louse, Pediculus capitis, and the human body louse, Pe. humanus. The split time, ~6 MYA, for the chimpanzee louse from the human head louse and the body louse was after Goodman (1999) [1] and Glazko and Nei (2003) [2] for the chimpanzee–human split time. The split time, ~7 MYA, for Pthirus pubis from the Pediculus species was also after Goodman (1999) [1] and Glazko and Nei (2003) [2] for the gorilla–(chimpanzee + human) split time