Table 2.
Predictors of incident diabetes over the 12-year follow-up period: the Health and Retirement Study (N=8704)
| Effect | Unadjusted Crude HR (95% CI) |
Model 1 HR (95% CI) |
Model 2 HR (95% CI) |
Model 3 HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CES-D | 1.09 (1.07, 1.12) | 1.10 (1.07, 1.13) | 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.09) |
| Psychiatric Medication Use | 1.43 (1.25, 1.64) | 1.52 (1.23, 1.86) | 1.62 (1.32, 1.99) | 1.57 (1.25, 1.96) |
| Age | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | |
| Race (ref. White) | ||||
| Black | 1.63 (1.43, 1.85) | 1.37 (1.19, 1.58) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) | |
| Hispanic | 1.67 (1.43, 1.96) | 1.35 (1.15, 1.60) | 1.43 (1.21, 1.69) | |
| Other | 1.62 (1.21, 2.16) | 1.55 (1.15, 2.09) | 1.51 (1.12, 2.04) | |
| Female Gender | 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.88) | 0.74 (0.66, 0.82) | |
| At Least Some College Education | 0.71 (0.64, 0.78) | 0.86 (0.77, 0.96) | 0.89 (0.80, 1.00) | |
| Net Worth (ref. <$30,000) | ||||
| $30,001–99,999 | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) | 1.09 (0.94, 1.25) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.26) | |
| $100,000–199,999 | 0.73 (0.63, 0.85) | 0.89 (0.76, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.16) | |
| $200,000–399,999 | 0.62 (0.53, 0.73) | 0.78 (0.66, 0.93) | 0.91 (0.77, 1.08) | |
| $400,000+ | 0.47 (0.40, 0.55) | 0.62 (0.52, 0.75) | 0.79 (0.66, 0.96) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.09 (1.09, 1.10) | 1.09 (1.08, 1.10) | ||
| Hypertension | 2.27 (2.05, 2.52) | 1.76 (1.58, 1.97) | ||
| Vigorous Activity | 0.71 (0.64, 0.78) | 0.85 (0.77, 0.95) | ||
| Smoking Status (ref. Never) | ||||
| Former | 1.00 (0.89, 1.11) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.06) | ||
| Current | 1.07 (0.94, 1.22) | 1.18 (1.03, 1.36) | ||
| Heavy Drinker | 0.63 (0.50, 0.80) | 0.78 (0.61, 1.00) | ||
| AIC | - | 27,341 | 27,208 | 26,243 |
a
HR: Hazard ratio. 95% CI: 95% Confidence interval. AIC: Akaike’s information criterion.
b
Because of the interactions between these variables, the HR for CES-D, psychiatric medication use, and BMI are shown at set levels of these covariates. For Models 1 and 2, the HR for CES-D score are for psychiatric medication use=0, and HR for psychiatric medication use is for CES-D=0. For Model 3, the HR for CES-D is for psychiatric medication use=0 and mean BMI, the HR for psychiatric medication use is for CES-D=0 and mean BMI, and the HR for BMI is for psychiatric medication use=0 and mean CES-D.