Table 1. Study cohort characteristics, ordered by follow-up time.
| Study | Study Type | Organ Type | N enrolled | Inclusion (I) and Exclusion (E) criteria | Sex (%) | % or Mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) [absolute range] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Age (years) | Time on transplant wait list (months) | Post-transplant follow-up period (months) | ||||||
| Grandi et al. 2001 [15] | Cross-sectional | Heart | 129 | I: Outpatients post-heart transplantation E: - |
♂: 81% ♀: 19% |
51 (5) | - | 1 |
| Dew et al. 1996 [16] | Prospective cohort | Heart | 154 | I: ≥ 18 years old, survived ≥ 6 weeks post-transplant E: Not fluent in English |
♂: 84% ♀: 16% |
< 50: 48% ≥ 50: 52% |
≥ 6 months: 56% | 2, 7, 12 |
| Dew et al. 1999 [17] | Prospective cohort | Heart | 174 | I: ≥ 18 years old, survived ≥ 6 weeks post-transplant E: Not fluent in English |
♂: 83% ♀: 17% |
< 50: 47% ≥ 50: 53% |
- | 2, 7, 12 |
| Stukas et al. 1999 [18] | Prospective cohort | Heart | 182 | I: ≥ 18 years old, survived ≥ 6 weeks post-transplant E: Not fluent in English, did not have a primary caregiver |
♂: 83% ♀: 17% |
< 50: 43% ≥ 50: 57% |
≥ 6 months: 54% | 2, 7, 12 |
| Dew et al. 2001a [19], 2001b [20] | Prospective cohort | Heart | 191 | I: ≥ 18 years old, survived ≥ 6 weeks post-Transplant E: Not fluent in English |
♂: 82% ♀: 18% |
< 50: 44% ≥ 50: 56% |
≥ 6 months: 54% | 2, 7, 12, 36 |
| Dew et al. 2012 [21] | Prospective cohort | Heart or Lung | 304 (126 heart and 178 lung) | I: ≥ 18 years old, receiving first lung or hearttransplant, survival ≥ 6 weeks post-transplant E: - |
♂: 59% ♀: 41% |
Heart: 52 (12) Lung: 51 (12) |
- | 2, 7, 12, 18, 24 |
| Fukunishi et al. 2002 [22] | Prospective cohort | Kidney or Liver | 96 (65 kidney and 31 liver) | I: Age > 20 E: Pre-transplant psychiatric disorders (e.g., delirium) |
♂: 49% ♀: 51% |
Kidney: 47 [20, 62] Liver: 43 [20, 65] |
- | 3, 12 |
| Fukunishi et al. 2001 [23] | Prospective cohort | Kidney or Liver | 275 adults (234 kidney and 41 liver) | I: Adults and children surviving living-related kidney or living-related liver transplantation E: - |
- | - | - | 3, 12, 36 |
| Possemato et al. 2009 [24] | Cross-sectional | Kidney | 63 | I: Received a kidney transplant at their transplant center within the previous 3 to 6 months, English-speaking E: Gross cognitive impairment |
♂: 73% ♀: 27% |
57 (13) | - | 3 to 6 |
| Cohen et al. 2014 [25] | Retrospective cohort | Lung | 42 | I: ≥ 18 years old; listed for lung transplantation or received single or bilateral lung transplantation E: - |
♂: 48% ♀: 52% |
60(57, 64) | - | 8 (2, 16) |
| Jin et al. 2012 [26] | Cross-sectional | Liver | 296 | I: age ≥ 18, understanding of Chinese, > 6 months post-transplant E: Severe medical complication s preventing completing questionnaire s, limited ability of expression |
♂: 81% ♀: 19% |
47 (10) | - | ≤ 12: 22% > 12 to ≤36: 45% > 36 to ≤60: 24% > 60: 9% |
| Guimaro et al. 2011 [27] | Cross-sectional | Liver | 24 | I: Acute liver failure E: - |
♂: 17% ♀: 83% |
41 (17) | - | 13 (14) |
| Possemato et al. 2010 [28] | Randomized controlledtrial | Kidney | 52 | I: ≥ 18 years old, able to read/write in English E: - |
♂: 46% ♀: 54% |
46 (12) [20, 70] | 24 (24) [0, 96]a | 24 (24) [3, 48] |
| Baranyi et al. 2013 [29] | Retrospective cohort | Heart or Liver or Heart/ Lung or Lung | 126 (62 Heart and 43 Liver and 21 Lung or Heart/Lung) | I: Survived solid organ transplantation E: - |
♂: 69% ♀: 31% |
52 (12) | - | 25 (12) |
| Gries et al. 2013 [30] | Cross-sectional | Lung | 210 | I: ≥ 18 years old, ≥ 6 months post-transplant, lung transplantation or post-lung transplant f/u care at their transplant center, English speaking E: - |
♂: 50% ♀: 50% |
59 (48, 63) | 3 (1, 6) | 29 (8, 60) |
| Einsle et al. 2012 [31] | Cross-sectional | Heart or lung | 82 | I: - E: Psychiatric disorder (e.g., psychosis); neurologic disease (e.g., dementia); lack of language comprehension |
♂: 81% ♀: 19% |
54 (12) | - | 32 (19) [4, 86] |
| Köllner et al. 2002 [32] | Cross-sectional | Heart or Lung | 82 (72 Heart and 8 Lung and 2 Heart/Lung) | I: > 4 months post-transplant, German-speaking E: - |
♂: 81% ♀: 19% |
54 | - | 32 [4, 86] |
| Favaro et al. 2011 [33] | Prospective cohort | Heart | 107 | I: ≥ 18 years old, > 1 year and < 5 years post-transplant E: Severe brain injury, mental retardation, schizophreni a-spectrum disorders |
♂: 79% ♀: 21% |
58 (12) [18, 75] | - | 36 (12) [12, 60] |
| Rothenhäusler et al. 2002 [34] | Retrospective cohort | Liver | 75 | I: Surviving > 5 months post-liver transplant, ≥ 16 years old, had measurable cyclosporine and/or tacrolimus levels E: Received corticosteroids |
♂: 57% ♀: 43% |
52 (11), 54 [16, 71] | 0.7 (0.4) [0.03, 7] | 46 (28) [5, 129] |
| Bunzel et al. 2007 [35], 2008 [36] | Cross-sectional | Heart | 38 | I: Survived heart transplantation following bridging with a mechanical circulatory assist device ≥ 6 months before study start, able to read/write in German, ≥ 17 years old E: Cognitive impairment |
♂: 95% ♀: 5% |
48 (12) [17, 67] | 5 (4) [1, 24]b | 53 (36) [6, 135] |
| Bunzel et al. 2005 [37] | Cross-sectional | Heart | 41 | I: Adults who survived heart transplantation after bridging with a mechanical circulatory assist device E: Cognitive impairment, inability to read/write German |
♂: 93% ♀: 7% |
46 (12) | 6 (5) [1, 24]b | 55 (34) [7, 122] |
Abbreviations (in alphabetical order): f/u = follow-up; SD = standard deviation.
a
This data refers to the mean time on hemodialysis, not the time on the transplant wait list, which was not reported.
b
This data refers to the mean time of having a mechanical circulatory assist device, not the time on the transplant wait list, which was not reported.