Table 4. Associations of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and post-transplant outcomes.

Post-transplant outcome: HRQOL
Study	Measure of association	Follow-up (months)	PTSD symptom instrument	HRQOL instrument	Test value (s)
Possemato et al. 2009 [24]	Spearman's correlation	3 to 6	PCL-C	NHP Total	R = 0.41, P ≤ 0.01
				NHP ER	R = 0.54, P ≤ 0.01
				NHP SI	R = 0.48, P ≤ 0.01
				NHP M	R = 0.18, n.s.
				NHP P	R = 0.14, n.s.
				NHP E	R = 0.23, n.s.
	Hierarchical linear regressiona	3 to 6	PCL-C	NHP Total	β = 0.43, P = 0.001
				NHP ER	β = 0.63, P < 0.001
				NHP SI	β = 0.58, P < 0.001
Jin et al. 2012 [26]	ANOVA	≤ 12: 22% > 12 to ≤ 36: 45% > 36 to ≤ 60: 24% > 60: 9%	PTSD-SS	SF-36 Components	Comparisons: Mean SF-36 Component Scores for PTSD vs. Sub-threshold PTSD vs. No PTSD
				SF-36 PF	71 vs. 76 vs. 80, P = 0.47
				SF-36 RP	31 vs. 36 vs. 60, P = 0.04
				SF-36 BP	61 vs. 63 vs. 76, P = 0.01
				SF-36 GH	51 vs. 40 vs. 60, P = 0.003
				SF-36 V	55 vs. 50 vs. 62, P = 0.04
				SF-36 SF	54 vs. 58 vs. 72, P = 0.003
				SF-36 RE	21 vs. 38 vs. 65, P = 0.002
				SF-36 MH	54 vs. 56 vs. 78, P < 0.001
Baranyi et al. 2013 [29]	Mann-Whitney U	25b	PTSS-10	SF-36 Components	Comparisons: Mean SF-36 Component Scores for PTSD vs. No PTSD
				SF-36 PF	40 vs. 69, P < 0.001
				SF-36 RP	25 vs. 58, P < 0.001
				SF-36 BP	35 vs. 69, P < 0.001
				SF-36 GH	31 vs. 61, P < 0.001
				SF-36 V	31 vs. 58, P < 0.001
				SF-36 SF	53 vs. 85, P < 0.001
				SF-36 RE	35 vs. 82, P < 0.001
				SF-36 MH	42 vs. 79, P < 0.001
Köllner at al. 2002 [32]	χ2 test	32b	SCID-IV	SF-36 Component Summaries	Comparisons: Mean SF-36 Component Summary Scores for PTSD vs. No PTSD
				SF-36 PCS	33 vs. 43, P = 0.06
				SF-36 MCS	47 vs. 54, P < 0.05
Rothenhäusler et al. 2002 [34]	Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance	46b	SCID-III-R	SF-36 Components	Comparison: Mean SF-36 Component Scores for PTSD vs. Sub-threshold PTSD vs. No PTSD
				SF-36 PF	40 vs. 54 vs. 71, P < 0.05
				SF-36 RP	21 vs. 50 vs. 71, P < 0.05
				SF-36 BP	56 vs. 61 vs. 77, P = 0.13
				SF-36 GH	33 vs. 53 vs. 63, P < 0.05
				SF-36 V	20 vs. 42 vs. 62, P < 0.001
				SF-36 SF	56 vs. 79 vs. 83, P = 0.18
				SF-36 RE	19 vs. 77 vs. 83, P < 0.01
				SF-36 MH	30 vs. 67 vs. 79, P < 0.001
Post-transplant outcome: mortality
Study	Measure of association	Follow-up in months	PTSD symptom instrument	Test value (s)
Dew et al. 1999 [17]	Hierarchical logistic regression	36	CIDI	OR: 13.74,c P < 0.01
Favaro et al. 2011 [33]	Cox proportional hazards regression	136b	SCID-IV	HR: 1.4 (95%CI: 0.5, 3.6)
Post-transplant outcome: graft rejection
Study	Measure of association	Follow-up in months	PTSD symptom instrument	Test value (s)
Dew et al. 1999 [17]	χ2 test	36	CIDI	n.s.
Post-transplant outcome: treatment adherence
Study	Measure of association	Follow-up in months	PTSD symptom instrument	Test value (s)
Favaro et al. 2011 [33]	χ2 test Logistic regression	136b	SCID-IV	PTSD intrusive symptoms
				χ2 = 4.5, P < 0.04
				OR:d 4.9 (95%CI: 1.0, 23.8)
				OR:e 7.2 (95%CI: 1.2, 43.6)
	Logistic regression			PTSD avoidance symptoms
				OR:d 0.5 (95%CI: 0.1, 3.9)
	Logistic regression			PTSD hyper-arousal symptoms
				OR:d 1.3 (95%CI: 0.4, 4.5)
	Logistic regression			Full PTSD
				OR:d 0.6 (95%CI: 0.1, 5.4)
Post-transplant outcome: malignancy
Study	Measure of association	Follow-up in months	PTSD symptom instrument	Test value (s)
Favaro et al. 2011 [33]	Logistic regression	136b	SCID-IV	PTSD intrusive symptoms
				OR:d 1.4 (95%CI: 0.6, 3.2)
	Logistic regression			PTSD avoidance symptoms
				OR:d 1.0 (95%CI: 0.3, 2.9)
	Logistic regression			PTSD hyper-arousal symptoms
				OR:d 1.9 (95%CI: 0.9, 4.3)
	Logistic regression			Full PTSD
				OR:d 1.4 (95%CI: 0.5, 4.1)
Post-transplant outcome: incident coronary artery disease
Study	Measure of association	Follow-up in months	PTSD symptom instrument	Test value (s)
Dew et al. 1999 [17]	χ2 test	36	CIDI	n.s.

Abbreviations (in alphabetical order): ANOVA = analysis of variance; β = linear regression coefficient in multivariable model; CI = confidence interval; CIDI = Composite International Diagnostic Instrument; HR = hazard ratio; NHP E = Nottingham Health Profile Energy score; NHP ER = Nottingham Health Profile Emotional Reaction score; NHP M = Nottingham Health Profile Mobility score; NHP P = Nottingham Health Profile Pain score; NHP SI = Nottingham Health Profile Social Isolation score; NHP Total = Nottingham Health Profile total score; n.s. = not significant; OR = odds ratio; PCL-C = PTSD Checklist-Civilian version; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD-SS = Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Self-Report Scale; PTSS-10 = Posttraumatic Symptom Scale-10; SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM; SF-36 BP = Short Form-36 Bodily Pain score; SF-36 GH = Short Form-36 General Health score; SF-36 MCS = Short Form-36 Mental Component Summary; SF-36 MH = Short Form-36 Mental Health score; SF-36 PCS = Short Form-36 Physical Component Summary; SF-36 PF = Short Form-36 Physical Functioning score; SF-36 RE = Short-Form 36 Role Emotional score; SF-36 RP = Short Form-36 Role Physical score; SF-36 SF = Short Form-36 Social Functioning score; SF-36 V = Short Form-36 Vitality score.

^aThis hierarchical linear regression model was adjusted for years of education and number of prior traumatic events.

^bMean

^cThis hierarchical logistic regression model was adjusted for donor age, donor race, donor sex, requirement for IABP or LVAD, recipient age, cold ischemic time, diabetes, CMV serostatus, and grade 3A acute rejection or greater during the first 12 months post-transplant.

^dThe odds ratios are unadjusted.

^eThis logistic regression model was adjusted for age and receipt of prednisolone.