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. 2015 Jul-Sep;19(3):e2015.00067. doi: 10.4293/JSLS.2015.00067

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© 2015 by JSLS, Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/), which permits for noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not altered in any way.

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Figure 1. — A, The surgical simulator used for the 4 tasks (ProDelphus E-Knot, Olinda, Brazil). B, C, Photographs of the 5-mm conventional laparoscopic instruments, 3-mm mini instruments, and 3-mm low-friction mini instruments (Karl Storz Endoscopy, Tuttlingen, Germany). B1, 5-mm needle-holder; B2, 5 mm grasper forceps; B3, 5-mm Maryland forceps; B4, 3-mm needle holder; B5, 3-mm grasper forceps; B6, 3-mm Maryland forceps; C7, 3.5-mm-diameter, 15-cm-long low-friction mini trocar; C8, 3.8-mm-diameter, 15-cm-long conventional mini trocar; and C9, 6-mm diameter, 10.5-cm-long laparoscopic trocar.