Table 2.

Immunohistochemical and molecular markers for ECCs classification.

Method	Type of EEC				References
	Normal	EEAC	ESC	CcEC
IHC	PTEN	PTEN ↓	PTEN −	PTEN −	[90]
	Active β-catenin	Active β-catenin +	Active β-catenin −	Active β-catenin −	[91]
	p53	p53 −/+	p53 +	p53 +	[92]
Real-time PCR	PTEN	PTEN ↓	PTEN	PTEN	[90]
	Survivin	Survivin ↑			[92]
	K-ras	K-ras ↑	K-ras ↓	K-ras ↓	[93]
	p27	p27 ↓			[92]

+: protein is present; −: protein is absent; −/+: protein is expressed moderately.

↓: decrease of gene expression; ↑: increase of gene expression.