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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 3.
Published in final edited form as: J Nutr Health Aging. 2013;17(6):566–572. doi: 10.1007/s12603-013-0014-y

Description of the 29 food subgroups used in the cluster analysis.

Food group Foods included
Baked goods Cakes, cookies, pies, pastries, Danish, doughnuts and cobblers
Bread Loaf bread, buns, bagels, English muffins
Cereal Ready-to-eat cereals (non-presweetened and sweetened)
Cheese Cheese—all types (full fat, reduced fat, low-fat and fat-free)
Dairy-based desserts Frozen dairy dessert (ice cream, frozen yogurt), pudding, sweetened yogurt
Dark-green, deep-yellow vegetables Broccoli, spinach, salad greens, carrots, sweet potato, yams, squash
Eggs Eggs and egg substitute
Fats Cream, shortening, butter and other animal fats, gravy
Fish Fresh and smoked fish, shellfish
Fried vegetables fried potatoes) Fried vegetables, fried potatoes (French fries, hash browns, pan-
Juice Juice, including citrus juice
Legumes Legumes (cooked dried beans)
Milk Milk, flavored milk, milk-based beverages
Miscellaneous Sauces, condiments (e.g., mustard, ketchup, barbeque sauce), pickled foods (e.g., pickles, sauerkraut), soup broth
Nuts Nuts and seeds, including nut and seed butters
Oils Margarine, oil, salad dressing
Other vegetables Tomato, eggplant, green and string beans, peppers, cabbage, asparagus, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, turnip greens, cucumber, celery, mushrooms, iceberg lettuce, vegetable juice
Pasta, noodles and rice Pasta (pierogies, ravioli), noodles, rice, oatmeal
Poultry Poultry (e.g., chicken, turkey), fried chicken
Processed meats Cured pork, cold cuts and sausage
Red meats Beef, lamb, pork, game, organ meats (e.g., liver)
Snacks Chips, crackers, snack bars, pretzels, popcorn
Starchy vegetables White potatoes, other starchy vegetables
Sweets Frozen nondairy dessert (popsicles, sorbet), sugar (as an addition), syrup, honey, jam, jelly, preserves, dessert sauces, chocolate candy, non-chocolate candy, frosting or glaze, gelatin-based desserts
Whole fruit Fruit including citrus fruit, avocado, fried fruits
Alcoholic beverages Beers and ales, distilled liquor, wine
Soft drinks Sweetened soft drinks, nondairy-based sweetened meal replacement/supplements (e.g., Gatorade)
Sweetened fruit drinks Sweetened fruit drinks (e.g., lemonade, cranberry cocktail, fruit punch)
Sweetened coffee & tea Sweetened tea, sweetened coffee
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