Table 4. Point estimates1 and 95% confidence intervals for prevalence of chronic disease by dietary pattern for GRAS-2004.
| Health outcome | Sweets & dairy2 (n = 128) | Western2 (n = 62) | P-value3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular disease (n = 70) | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.51 (0.75-3.04) | 2.05 (0.93-4.50) | 0.203 | |
| Model 2 | 1.43 (0.69-2.93) | 2.06 (0.92-4.65) | 0.215 | |
| Model 3 | 1.50 (0.72-3.12) | 2.28 (1.00-5.23) | 0.146 | |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 77) | ||||
| Model 1 | 0.92 (0.49-1.73) | 0.82 (0.39-1.75) | 0.881 | |
| Model 2 | 0.81 (0.41-1.57) | 0.76 (0.34-1.68) | 0.750 | |
| Model 3 | 0.80 (0.41-1.59) | 0.79 (0.35-1.80) | 0.795 | |
| Hypertension (n = 199) | ||||
| Model 1 | 2.17 (1.11-4.27) | 1.94 (0.87-4.33) | 0.045 | |
| Model 2 | 2.17 (1.11-4.27) | 1.94 (0.87-4.33) | 0.065 | |
| Model 3 | 2.18 (1.11-4.30) | 1.95 (0.87-4.35) | 0.065 | |
| Metabolic syndrome (n = 146)4 | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.23 (0.68-2.22) | 0.90 (0.45-1.78) | 0.561 | |
| Model 2 | 1.24 (0.69-2.25) | 0.90 (0.45-1.80) | 0.553 | |
| Model 3 | 1.24 (0.69-2.26) | 0.92 (0.46-1.85) | 0.583 | |
| Mortality (n = 131)5, 6 | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.20 (0.76-1.89) | 1.00 (0.59-1.69) | 0.594 | |
| Model 2 | 1.03 (0.65-1.64) | 0.95 (0.55-1.62) | 0.928 | |
| Model 3 | 1.02 (0.64-1.63) | 0.95 (0.55-1.63) | 0.947 | |
1
Odds ratios for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Hazard ratios for mortality;
2
Referent group was the ‘Health-conscious’ dietary pattern (n = 70); Model 1: unadjusted model; Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, physical activity (PASE score), smoking, and waist circumference; Model 3: additionally adjusted for same covariates as model 2 with the addition of marital status and education;
3
Type 3 P-value;
4
Analyses for metabolic syndrome were not adjusted for waist circumference as this is included in the diagnosis criteria;
5
Models 2 and 3 were not adjusted for physical activity as this information was unavailable for n = 179;
6
Analysis used n = 446.