Figure 1.

Detection of β-Tyrosine in Rice.

(A) HPLC fluorescence detection chromatogram of derivatized rice foliar amino acids. Red, Nipponbare; black, Kasalath; green, amino acid standards (20 protein amino acids, meta-tyrosine, and norleucine). The arrow indicates the induced peak of interest.

(B) Structures of (S)-α-tyrosine and (R)-β-tyrosine.

(C) Relative abundance of (R)-β-tyrosine in dry rice seeds and rice seedlings, with and without jasmonic acid treatment. Mean ± se of n = 3. *P < 0.05, t test comparing control and jasmonic acid-treated samples.

(D) Cultivars that contain β-tyrosine are relatively more abundant in a collection of 50 Japanese rice cultivars (JRC) than in a worldwide collection of 69 rice cultivars (world rice collection [WRC]) from the NIAS Genebank (http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp). *P < 0.05, χ² test. β-Tyrosine data for each of the 119 tested rice cultivars are in Supplemental Figure 4.