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. 2014 Aug 15;16(4):4225. doi: 10.1186/s13075-014-0411-6

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© Tsou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 and PAI-1 expression; MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio; and MMP-1 activity in fibroblasts. (A) Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) released into cell culture media after platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and/or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) incubation. (B) MMP-3 released into cell culture media after PDGF, DHLA and/or NAC incubation. (C) Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in cell culture media after PDGF, DHLA and/or NAC incubation. (D) The MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio in normal (NL) and scleroderma (SSc) dermal fibroblasts. (E) MMP-1 activity was significantly higher in NL dermal fibroblasts than in SSc cells. PDGF significantly increased MMP-1 activity in NL and SSc cells. Both DHLA and NAC appeared to increase MMP-1 activity significantly in SSc dermal fibroblasts when stimulated by PDGF. (F) Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 released from both NL and SSc dermal fibroblasts in the presence of PDGF, DHLA, and/or NAC. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. P < 0.05 was considered significant. BM, Basal medium; NL, Normal; NS, Nonstimulated.