Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample (n = 1008)
| % | Mean | SD | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic and health characteristics | ||||
| Age in years | 68.9 | 7.37 | 60–103 | |
| Gender (female) | 77.3 | |||
| Level of education | 2.8 | 1.5 | 1–7 | |
| No schooling | 26.0 | |||
| Up to Standard 7 | 59.0 | |||
| Standard 8 or higher | 15.0 | |||
| Self-rated health | 2.3 | .9 | 1–4 | |
| Home environment | ||||
| Dwelling is ‘permanent home’ | 94.7 | |||
| Dwelling type | ||||
| Formal housing | 53.8 | |||
| Informal housing | 41.4 | |||
| Squatter housing | 4.7 | |||
| Household amenities | ||||
| Electricity (yes) | 95.0 | |||
| Number of appliances | 4.2 | 1.4 | 0–6 | |
| Toilet (inside) | 34.3 | |||
| Water (tap inside) | 41.2 | |||
| Household composition | ||||
| Alone | 9.6 | |||
| No partner but children/family | 69.7 | |||
| Partner plus children/family | 20.6 | |||
| Household size | 3.5 | 1.5 | 0–11 | |
| Monthly household income | ||||
| 0–1600 ZAR (0–116 EURO) | 65.4 | |||
| 1601–3200 ZAR (117–226 EURO) | 24.8 | |||
| >3201 ZAR (>227 EURO) | 9.8 | |||
| Main source of income | ||||
| Self | 88.9 | |||
| Spouse | 4.6 | |||
| Son/son-in-law | 2.8 | |||
| Daughter/ in law | 3.7 | |||
| Grandchild | .1 | |||
| Financial situation | ||||
| Worse | 30.5 | |||
| Same | 56.3 | |||
| Better | 13.2 | |||
| Feel safe at home | 3.2 | .8 | 1–4 | |
| Neighbourhood environment | ||||
| Availability of health services | 4.0 | 1.7 | 0–6 | |
| Time to health services (>31 minutes) | 30.2 | |||
| Transport mode | ||||
| By foot (walking) | 21.9 | |||
| Public/private transport | 78.1 | |||
| Shopping for groceries (yes) | 88.6 | |||
| Organizational involvement | ||||
| No involvement | 26.7 | |||
| 1+ organizations | 73.3 | |||
| Meeting attendance | ||||
| Once a week or more | 34.8 | |||
| Once a month or less | 23.8 | |||
| Never | 35.0 | |||
| Walking outside (yes) | 86.0 | |||
| Feel safe from neighbourhood crime | 3.2 | .8 | 1–4 | |
| Life satisfaction | 5.4 | 2.3 | 2–10 | |