Table 1.

Model inputs for estimating the impact of preventing orofacial clefts caused by smoking in early pregnancy.

Model inputs	Point estimate and uncertainty
Prevalence of smoking just before pregnancy in 20106	23.2% (95% confidence interval 22.4 – 23.9)*
Association between smoking in early pregnancy and orofacial clefts5	Odds ratio = 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.20 – 1.36)
Annual number of births with orofacial clefts in the U.S during 2004–2006. 8
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate	4,437 (95% confidence interval 4,304 – 4,570)
Cleft palate alone	2,651 (95% confidence interval 2,549 – 2,754)
Total orofacial clefts	7,088 (95% confidence interval 6,919 – 7,256)†
Mean healthcare costs for a child from age 0–10 with an isolated orofacial cleft (no other major birth defects and no syndrome) 9	$93,599††

^*Self-reported smoking just before pregnancy is used as a proxy for the exposure to smoking in the first few weeks of pregnancy

^†Monte Carlo sampling method was used to estimate 95% CI for combined orofacial clefts based on the confidence intervals available for cleft palate alone and cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

^††This estimate is in 2013 dollars using an inflation adjustment of 1.25 from 2004 prices to 2013 prices from the Personal Consumption Expenditures price index for healthcare costs from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and is a present value calculated using an annual discount rate of 3% for costs beyond infancy.