Table 2.

Estimates of the attributable fraction and preventable number for orofacial clefts caused by smoking in early pregnancy, and the estimated resulting childhood healthcare costs in the United States per year.

Parameter Estimated	Estimates (mean of the simulations) and Uncertainty Intervals
Attributable fraction for orofacial clefts caused by smoking in early pregnancy	6.1% (4.4% – 7.7%)
Annual preventable number of orofacial clefts*	430 (310 – 550)
Estimate of potential cost savings (through age 10) with prevention of orofacial clefts caused by smoking †	$40.4 million ($29.3 million – $51.3 million)

^*Preventable number is rounded to the nearest 10.

^†Cost estimate is rounded to the nearest $100,000.