TABLE 3.
Usual sodium density and energy intake among older US infants (7–11 mo) and preschool-aged children (1–5 y) by age and race-ethnicity: NHANES 2003–20101
| Category | Sample size2 | Usual sodium density
|
Usual energy intake
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean sodium density | 25th percentile | 50th percentile | 75th percentile | Mean energy intake | 25th percentile | 50th percentile | 75th percentile | ||
|
| |||||||||
| n | mg/1000 kcal | kcal/d | |||||||
| Age 7–11 mo | |||||||||
| Total | 699 | 549 ± 15.93 | 396 ± 13.0 | 506 ± 14.8 | 657 ± 25.9 | 883 ± 12.5 | 757 ± 10.5 | 862 ± 13.0 | 988 ± 16.1 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 234 | 497 ± 19.14 | 367 ± 16.9 | 461 ± 19.1 | 586 ± 36.7 | 870 ± 18.6 | 758 ± 16.5 | 852 ± 21.4 | 960 ± 22.6 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 109 | 592 ± 52.25 | 417 ± 40.1 | 541 ± 50.8 | 709 ± 66.0 | 967 ± 39.04,5 | 802 ± 37.2 | 947 ± 40.3 | 1110 ± 46.5 |
| Mexican American | 263 | 618 ± 25.8 | 450 ± 20.8 | 576 ± 25.1 | 742 ± 31.9 | 882 ± 26.5 | 742 ± 22.4 | 859 ± 23.7 | 994 ± 33.3 |
| Age 1–3 y | |||||||||
| Total | 2882 | 1397 ± 12.0 | 1232 ± 10.2 | 1373 ± 10.7 | 1532 ± 13.7 | 1400 ± 13.9 | 1182 ± 12.0 | 1372 ± 13.6 | 1590 ± 17.7 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 956 | 1403 ± 17.14 | 1234 ± 13.5 | 1379 ± 14.1 | 1543 ± 18.9 | 1378 ± 19.9 | 1176 ± 16.2 | 1352 ± 19.0 | 1554 ± 23.9 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 650 | 1441 ± 23.34 | 1256 ± 20.1 | 1405 ± 19.0 | 1582 ± 23.3 | 1466 ± 27.14,5 | 1248 ± 23.4 | 1445 ± 26.9 | 1661 ± 33.2 |
| Mexican American | 859 | 1313 ± 18.9 | 1155 ± 17.4 | 1289 ± 18.8 | 1442 ± 21.2 | 1382 ± 22.8 | 1161 ± 20.0 | 1356 ± 22.6 | 1574 ± 27.3 |
| Age 4–5 y | |||||||||
| Total | 1389 | 1514 ± 15.0 | 1372 ± 12.7 | 1494 ± 14.5 | 1633 ± 17.8 | 1668 ± 19.9 | 1445 ± 19.5 | 1639 ± 25.6 | 1858 ± 30.6 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 469 | 1511 ± 23.84 | 1344 ± 21.4 | 1488 ± 22.3 | 1652 ± 28.4 | 1646 ± 31.6 | 1422 ± 22.5 | 1610 ± 28.8 | 1828 ± 40.5 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 346 | 1594 ± 25.14,5 | 1464 ± 42.0 | 1582 ± 28.9 | 1710 ± 28.0 | 1712 ± 31.6 | 1521 ± 31.3 | 1699 ± 32.7 | 1889 ± 35.0 |
| Mexican American | 394 | 1438 ± 22.4 | 1338 ± 23.3 | 1435 ± 22.5 | 1535 ± 22.7 | 1705 ± 39.2 | 1457 ± 32.9 | 1677 ± 38.3 | 1924 ± 46.6 |
Sodium density was calculated by using sodium in milligrams divided by calories multiplied by 1000 (mg/1000 kcal). Means and 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of usual sodium density and energy intakes were estimated from PC-SIDE (Department of Statistics, Iowa State University) with data from up to two 24-h dietary recalls adjusted for the day of the week of the recall, age (mo, continuous), sex, maternal age at birth (continuous), poverty-index ratio, and current breastfeeding status. Individuals with missing data or with incomplete first-day 24-h dietary recall were excluded. Jackknife replicate weights based on first-day dietary weights used to account for the complex sampling design were used in PC-SIDE to estimate SEs. The category of “other race-ethnicity” is not included in these strata but is included in the totals.
Unweighted sample sizes
Mean ± SE (all such values).
Significantly different from Mexican Americans, P < 0.05 (Z-test).
Significantly different from non-Hispanic whites, P < 0.05 (Z-test).