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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 3.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ Rev. 2015 Feb;105(2):477–503. doi: 10.1257/aer.20120642

Table 3.

Impact of Living in the North on Survival to Age 70 or Age 75 Conditional on Survival to Age 65, African Americans Born in the Deep South, 1916–1932

A. Survival to Age 70 (1) OLS (2) OLS (3) IV Estimation
(Full
Sample)		 (Town-Matched) 1st Stage 2nd Stage
Mean of the Dependent
Variable		 0.864 0.866 0.43 0.866
Living in the North 0.0005
(0.0007)		 0.0015
(0.0010)		 -- −0.058***
(0.017)
Born on Railroad Line -- -- 0.056***
(0.0013)		 --
N 1,077,296 828,179 828,179 828,179
B. Survival to Age 75 (1) OLS (2) OLS IV Estimation
(Full
Sample)		 (Town-Matched) 1st Stage 2nd Stage
Mean of the Dependent
Variable		 0.704 0.708 0.43 0.708
Living in the North 0.0006
(0.0011)		 0.0014
(0.0017)		 -- −0.102***
(0.026)
Born on Railroad Line -- -- 0.062***
(0.0015)		 --
N 757,790 575,379 575,379 575,379

Source: Authors’ calculations using Duke SSA/Medicare data. The sample is African Americans born in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, 1916–1932. The regressions also include gender × cohort indicator variables and state of birth indicator variables. Standard errors, given in parentheses, are clustered by birthplace for regressions (2), (3) and (4)

***

significant at the 0.01 level.