Fig. 1.

Methamphetamine induced the expression of HMGB1 in astrocytes. Methamphetamine increased the cell proliferation of C6 cells. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of methamphetamine (15 μM, 150 μM, and 1.5 mM) for 24 h followed by the MTT assay (a) and CCK8 (b). Methamphetamine-induced HMGB1 expression in a time-dependent manner in C6 cells (c) and primary human astrocytes (d). All the data are presented as the mean ± SD of three individual experiments. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 compared with control group