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. 2015 Sep 3;11(9):e1005486. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005486

Table 2. DEGs required for sexual development in F. graminearum.

Cellular event a Perithecium development a Protein Proposed function Phenotype * by gene deletion b Expression category
Mating
FGSG_02655 GzPRE2 pheromone receptor NC or fewer P U in OM2
Cell aggregation FGSG_08890 MAT1-1-3 smaller P, no AS/AP DDD **
FGSG_08891 MAT1-1-2 smaller P, no AS/AP DDD **
FGSG_08892 MAT1-1-1 smaller P, no AS/AP DDD **
FGSG_08893 MAT1-2-1 smaller P, no AS/AP DDD **
Ascogonium (perithecium initials) formation
FGSG_00404 TF Regulation no P in Z39, but NC in Z43 D in OM
Cell fusion FGSG_04480 TF Regulation no P DDD
FGSG_05239 G protein coupled receptor Regulation no P DDN
Cell adhesion FGSG_13708 O-methylase Metabolism no P DDD **
FGSG_03916 Fibronectin-attachment protein Cell adhesion no P NUN
FGSG_06039 Acyl citrate lyase 2 Metabolism no P reduced C,V, T DNN
FGSG_09896 Isocitrate lyase 1 Metabolism no P, albino aerial mycelia D in OM2
FGSG_10825 homocysteine transferase Metabolism no P, no aerial mycelia, reduced V, T DDD **
Perithecium wall and paraphyses formation
FGSG_01366 TF Regulation smaller P, no AS DDD
FGSG_08320 Cytochrome P450 Secondary metabolism smaller P, no AS DDD
Polarity FGSG_11826 TF Regulation smaller P, no AS DDD **
FGSG_13162 Histone promoter control 2 Chromatin silencing smaller P, no AS DDD
FGSG_10742 Pheromone-regulated membrane protein Cellular fusion delayed PM, smaller P, no AS DDD
Programed cell death FGSG_06228 TF, RGS Regulation smaller P, no AS, fewer C, no V, more T in Z39, but fewer C (~11-fold ) only in Z43 UNN
FGSG_09182 PKS3 Perithecial wall pigmentation albino P DDD
FGSG_08795 PKS7 Secondary metabolism smaller P, no AS, abnormal C DDN
FGSG_03673 Zn-carboxypeptidase Metabolism fewer P, no AS DDD **
FGSG_05151 TF Regulation fewer P NND
FGSG_07578 3-dehydroquinate synthetase Metabolism fewer P, no AS DDD
FGSG_07869 Short-chain dehydrogenases Metabolism fewer P, no AS, DDD
Meiosis FGSG_09019 TF carrying homeodomain Regulation fewer P, VG, T, no V DNN
Ascus development
FGSG_00348 Argonaute-like protein RNA interference fewer AS/AP DDD
Spore formation and perithecium maturation
FGSG_00532 Vesicle coat complex COPII Intracellular trafficking & secretion more P, more P pigmentation, but fewer AS/AP DDN
FGSG_07546 TF, MYT2 Regulation larger P, faster growth, moreaerial mycelia, more AP, reduced V DDN
FGSG_09834 Pyruvate decarboxylase Regulation no AS, reduced lipidaccumulation in aerial mycelia D in OM2
FGSG_06966 TF Regulation delayed PM in Z39, but larger P in Z43 DDD **
FGSG_06059 GAL10-UDP-glucose 4-epimerase Metabolism fewer P DDD
FGSG_01862 Microtubule associated protein Cytoskeleton dynamics delayed PM DDD **
FGSG_11962 Hypothetical protein NA fewer P DDD
FGSG_07368 TF Regulation fewer P, ZEA overproduction (~3-fold ) D in OM2
FGSG_02572 Universal stress protein fewer P, reduced V in Z39, but NC in Z43 UNN
Spore firing
FGSG_02052 Hypothetical protein NA faster cirrhi production DDD

*Refer to S5 Fig for quantitative comparisons between the wild type and gene-deletion strains showing the phenotypic changes in size or number of perithecia.

aRefer to [40].

bThe F. graminearum Z3643 (Z43) strain was a wild-type strain for the gene deletions. The other strain Z3639 (Z39) was specifically indicated when used in gene deletion.

Genes (FGSG_) in bold are specific to sexual development.

AP: ascospore, AS: asci, C: conidiation, H: hyphal growth, NA: not assigned, NC: no change, P: perithecia, PM: perithecia maturation, RGS: Regulator of G-protein signaling, SD:sexual development, T: mycotoxin production, V: virulence, VG: vegetative growth, ZEA: zearalenone.

↑: increased

↓: reduced.

**determined by qPCR