Fig 1. Structural equation model for the factors affecting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with Parkinson’s disease [all standardized regression weights are statistically significant at p<0.001 except for the effect of comorbidities on HRQoL (p = 0.045), the indication of motor domain on fluctuations (p = 0.062) and dyskinesia (p = 0.001), and the indication of HRQoL on stigma (p = 0.001)].