Table 4. Standardized direct, indirect and total regression weights from the structural equation models (SEM) to evaluate factors affecting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in different phenotypes of Parkinson’s disease patients [Values are presented as standardized regression weight (p-value).].

Main Associations	Exogenous variable	➔	Endogenous variable	Onset-Age		Progression		Dominant Symptom
	(Independent)		(Dependent)
				≤50 yr	>50 yr	Slow	Rapid	Tremor	Non-Tremor
				(n = 50)	(n = 106)	(n = 95)	(n = 40)	(n = 76)	(n = 75)
	Motor Domain	Direct	HRQoL	0.61 (<0.001)	0.21 (0.049)	-	0.57 (<0.001)	0.29 (0.018)	0.23 (0.053)
		Indirect	HRQoL	0.25	0.60	0.60	0.29	0.50	0.57
		Total	HRQoL	0.86	0.81	0.60	0.86	0.79	0.80
	Non-Motor Domain	➔	HRQoL	0.43 (0.019)	0.78 (<0.001)	0.95 (0.005)	0.53 (0.031)	0.68 (<0.001)	0.79 (<0.001)
	Comorbidities	➔	HRQoL	-	0.14 (0.007)	-	-	-	0.13 (0.037)
	Motor Domain	➔	Non-Motor Domain	0.59 (0.032)	0.77 (<0.001)	0.63 (0.012)	0.54 (0.049)	0.73 (<0.001)	0.73 (<0.001)
Indicators of latent variables	Motor Domain	➔	UPDRS-ADL	0.92 (<0.001)	0.93 (<0.001)	0.85 (<0.001)	0.92 (<0.001)	0.90 (<0.001)	0.98 (<0.001)
		➔	UPDRS-Motor Signs	0.80 (<0.001)	0.67 (<0.001)	0.41 (<0.001)	0.62 (<0.001)	0.78 (<0.001)	0.65 (<0.001)
		➔	Dyskinesia	0.42 (0.012)	-	-	-	0.33 (0.007)	-
		➔	Fluctuations	0.33 (0.043)	-	-	-0.54 (<0.001)	-	-
		➔	Falls	0.78 (<0.001)	0.68 (<0.001)	0.60 (<0.001)	0.66 (<0.001)	0.77 (<0.001)	0.66 (<0.001)
		➔	Freezing	0.54 (-)	0.69 (-)	0.62 (-)	0.76 (-)	0.66 (-)	0.61 (-)
		➔	Hoehn & Yahr Stage	0.75 (<0.001)	0.58 (<0.001)	0.53 (<0.001)	0.46 (0.005)	0.72 (<0.001)	0.55 (<0.001)
	Non-Motor Domain	➔	Depression	0.91 (0.004)	0.78 (<0.001)	0.76 (0.004)	0.73 (0.018)	0.87 (<0.001)	0.78 (<0.001)
		➔	Anxiety	0.59 (0.011)	0.62 (<0.001)	0.63 (0.006)	0.49 (0.044)	0.65 (<0.001)	0.59 (<0.001)
		➔	Cognition	0.28 (0.014)	0.35 (<0.001)	0.23 (0.036)	0.33 (0.036)	0.25 (0.019)	0.42 (<0.001)
		➔	Hallucination	0.41 (-)	0.50 (-)	0.31 (-)	0.42 (-)	0.45 (-)	0.48 (-)
		➔	Apathy	0.55 (0.015)	0.43 (<0.001)	0.50 (0.010)	0.50 (0.042)	0.47 (0.002)	0.45 (0.003)
		➔	Fatigue	0.51 (0.018)	0.49 (<0.001)	0.49 (0.010)	-	0.49 (0.002)	0.52 (0.001)
		➔	Psychosocial Functioning	0.75 (0.006)	0.90 (<0.001)	0.83 (0.004)	0.75 (0.017)	0.86 (<0.001)	0.83 (<0.001)
		➔	Sleep Disturbances	-	0.33 (0.004)	0.32 (0.031)	-	-	0.37 (0.008)
		➔	Nutritional Status	-0.63 (0.010)	-0.62 (<0.001)	-0.56 (0.008)	-0.58 (0.030)	-0.69 (<0.001)	-0.58 (<0.001)
	HRQoL	➔	Mobility	0.90 (-)	0.84 (-)	0.71 (-)	0.83 (-)	0.89 (-)	0.80 (-)
		➔	ADL	0.83 (<0.001)	0.75 (<0.001)	0.55 (<0.001)	0.76 (<0.001)	0.78 (<0.001)	0.80 (<0.001)
		➔	Emotional Well-being	0.48 (<0.001)	0.65 (<0.001)	0.67 (<0.001)	0.50 (0.001)	0.70 (<0.001)	0.55 (<0.001)
		➔	Stigma	-	0.39 (<0.001)	0.33 (0.003)	-	-	0.49 (<0.001)
		➔	Social Behaviors	0.38 (0.007)	0.59 (<0.001)	0.46 (<0.001)	0.60 (<0.001)	0.61 (<0.001)	0.51 (<0.001)
		➔	Cognition	0.43 (0.002)	0.72 (<0.001)	0.64 (<0.001)	0.59 (<0.001)	0.61 (<0.001)	0.67 (<0.001)
		➔	Communication	0.69 (<0.001)	0.68 (<0.001)	0.54 (<0.001)	0.67 (<0.001)	0.79 (<0.001)	0.60 (<0.001)
		➔	Bodily Discomfort	0.43 (0.002)	0.61 (<0.001)	0.60 (<0.001)	0.61 (<0.001)	0.65 (<0.001)	0.48 (<0.001)