Table 2. Cox proportional hazards using unadjusted (univariate) and adjusted (multivariate) analyses to assess the effects of covariates on the rate of CD4+ T cell recovery, defined as time for CD4+ T-cell count increase to ≥350 cells/μL during cART.

	Unadjusted analysis		Adjusted analysis a
Covariates	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Sex
Male	1.0 (Ref)		1.0 (Ref)
Female	1.594 (.777–3.267)	.203	2.748 (1.214–6.222)	.025
Ethnicity
Chinese	1.0 (Ref)		1.0 (Ref)
Non-Chinese	1.502 (.862–2.619)	.151	1.509 (.835–2.727)	.173
Routes of transmission
Heterosexual	1.0 (Ref)		1.0 (Ref)
Non-heterosexual	0.732 (.256–2.092)	.561
Unknown	0.880 (.296–2.620)	.819
Clinical parameters
Age at starting cART, years	.975 (.946–1.006)	.109	.988 (.957–1.019)	.448
Baseline CD4+ T cell count, cells/μL	1.007 (1.005–1.010)	< .001	1.008 (1.005–1.011)	< .001
Baseline HIV-1 RNA, log copies/mL	1.263 (.843–1.893)	.257	2.035 (1.273–3.252)	.001
Time from presentation to cART initiation, days	1.000 (1.000–1.001)	.011	1.001 (1.000–1.001)	.060
Follow-up duration, days	0.999 (.998–1.000)	< .001	0.999 (.998–1.000)	< .001
Co-infection
Yes	1.0 (Ref)		1.0 (Ref)
No	.429 (.184–1.000)	.050	0.477 (.202–1.131)	.067

Abbreviations: cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence intervals; Ref, reference.

^a covariates with P values < .25 were included in the adjusted analysis. The rate of CD4+ T cell recovery was also adjusted for baseline HIV-1 RNA because it is known to be an important predictor of immunologic recovery.