Table 3. Mortality analysis for children with CHD by CAA status.
| CAA (+) | CAA (-) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Total, n | Mortality, n | (Rate, %) | Total, n | Mortality, n | (Rate, %) | p a |
| Overall | 1591 | 199 | (12.5) | 38061 | 2334 | (6.1) | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 946 | 108 | (11.4) | 18767 | 1211 | (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Female | 645 | 91 | (14.1) | 19294 | 1123 | (5.8) | <0.001 |
| Age at CHD diagnosis a | |||||||
| Neonates | 800 | 135 | (16.9) | 21347 | 1835 | (8.6) | <0.001 |
| Infants | 741 | 61 | (8.2) | 12056 | 461 | (3.8) | <0.001 |
| Toddlers & Preschools | 50 | 3 | (6.0) | 4658 | 38 | (0.8) | 0.009 |
| Follow-up period, years | |||||||
| 0–3 | 480 | 188 | (39.2) | 10144 | 2255 | (22.2) | <0.001 |
| 4–7 | 478 | 10 | (2.1) | 10745 | 66 | (0.6) | 0.001 |
| ≧8 | 633 | 1 | (0.2) | 17172 | 13 | (0.1) | 0.398 |
| Other associated ECA | |||||||
| Nervous system | 157 | 34 | (21.7) | 1026 | 114 | (11.1) | <0.001 |
| Musculoskeletal system | 202 | 30 | (14.9) | 1048 | 78 | (7.4) | 0.001 |
| Eyes/ears/face/neck | 85 | 6 | (7.1) | 390 | 24 | (6.2) | 0.756 |
| Cleft lip/palate | 110 | 11 | (10.0) | 622 | 56 | (9.0) | 0.738 |
| Gastrointestinal system | 81 | 16 | (19.8) | 765 | 102 | (13.3) | 0.113 |
| Urinary system | 43 | 6 | (14.0) | 497 | 36 | (7.2) | 0.132 |
| Genital system | 86 | 8 | (9.3) | 656 | 25 | (3.8) | 0.044 |
| Integument | 4 | 1 | (25.0) | 52 | 4 | (7.7) | 0.320 |
| Chromosome | 155 | 33 | (21.3) | 1112 | 257 | (23.1) | 0.613 |
Abbreviations: CHD, congenital heart disease; CAA, congenital airway anomaly; ECA, extracardiac anomaly.
aχ2 or Fisher’s exact tests for the comparison about the mortality rate between with and without CAA.