Table 1.

Causes of Acute and Chronic Respiratory Symptoms in Infants and Children following OA/TOF Repair

Conditions
Vocal cord paresis/paralysis
Dysphagia/aspiration
Aspiration of upper airway secretions
Tracheomalacia and/or bronchomalacia
Diverticulum of posterior trachea at site of TOF repair
Aberrant airway anatomy
Lower airway flow obstruction with or without bronchodilator response
Restrictive lung disease
Atelectasis related to poor mucociliary clearance/impaired cough
Aspiration pneumonia
Recurrent oesophageal stricture
Recurrent TEF
Late Diagnosis of Laryngeal Cleft
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Oesophageal foreign body impaction