Table 2.

Multicentric, Prospective Randomized Trials Comparing Laparoscopic and Open TME for Rectal Adenocarcinoma

Variable	Trial Name
	CLASICC*†		COLOR II†		COREAN
	Laparascopic v Open	P	Laparascopic v Open	P	Laparascopic v Open	P
Neoadjuvant RT and/or CRT	Stratified by RT		58/59		100/100
Operative time, minutes	135/180‡		188/240	< .001	197/224.9	.001
Blood loss, mL	N.R.		400/200	< .001	217/200	.006
Conversion rate, %	34		17		1
APE, %	27/25	N.S.	23/29	.120	14/11	.708
Complete TME, %	67/79		92/88	.250	88/92	.55
Positive CRM, %	14/16§	.8	10/10	.850	4/3	.77
No. of lymph nodes	13.5/12		14/13	.085	18/17	.08
Time to first bowel movement, days	6/5		3/2	< .001	5.12/4.02	< .001
Hospital stay, days	13/11		9/8	.036	9/8	.056
28-Day mortality, %	5/4	.57	2/1	.41	0/0
Morbidity, %	37/40		37/40	.42	23.5/21.1	.603
3-Year oncologic outcomes
Local recurrence, %	10.1/9.7	.96	N.A.		4.9/2.6
Distant metastasis, %	16.4/18.6	.68	N.A.		20/17
DFS, %	N.A.	.87	N.A.		72.5/79.2
OS, %	67/73	.12	N.A.		90.4/91.7

Abbreviations: APE, abdominoperineal excision; CLASICC, Conventional Surgery Compared With Laparoscopic-Assisted Surgery in Treating Patients With Colorectal Cancer; COLOR II, Laparoscopic Versus Open Rectal Cancer Removal; COREAN, Randomized Prospective Trial for Laparoscopic vs Open Resection for Rectal Cancer; CRM, circumferential resection margin; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; DFS, disease-free survival; N.A., not available; N.R., not reported; N.S., not significant; OS, overall survival; RT, radiotherapy; TME, total mesorectal excision.

^*The CLASICC trial accrued a total of 794 patients (413 colon cancer; 381 rectal cancer).

^†Patients randomly assigned to laparoscopic or open surgery at a 1:2 ratio.

^‡Not discriminated colon and rectum.

^§Positive CRM in patients having sphincter-saving procedure was 12% for laparoscopic group and 6% for the open group.