Table 2.

Descriptive statistics of hygiene behaviors and characteristics of mothers' hands before sampling by season (N = 88 households)

Variable	Rainy	Dry	P†
Mean no. (SD) of times mother reported hand washing with soap the previous day*	3.0 (2.3)	3.7 (1.8)	0.03§
Mean (SD) LPCD used for hand washing*‡	2.0 (1.8)	1.8 (0.8)	0.48
No. (%) of respondents reported hand washing within 1 hour prior to hand rinse sampling*	22 (28.2)	45 (51.1)	< 0.01§
Mean time (hour) (SD) since respondent last wash their hands with soap*	2.8 (2.4)	1.7 (1.4)	< 0.01§
No. (%) of respondents reported activity before hand rinse sampling*
Sitting	56 (63.6)	57 (64.8)	0.90
Washing (clothes, dishes, child)	12 (13.6)	9 (10.2)
Hand washing	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Food preparation/eating/serving	12 (13.6)	14 (15.9)
Other (gardening/farming, sweeping, using toilet, or helping child clean up after toilet)	8 (9.1)	8 (9.1)
Mean log10 concentration (CFU/two hands) (SD) of fecal indicator bacteria on mother's hands
Escherichia coli	2.2 (1.0)	2.1 (1.0)	0.33
Enterococcus spp.	2.6 (1.0)	2.6 (0.9)	0.82
Mean log10 turbidity (NTU) (SD) of mother's hand rinse	1.3 (0.5)	1.2 (0.3)	0.19
No. (%) of respondents/primary caregivers with dirt observed on their palms	12 (13.6)	7 (8.0)	0.23
No. (%) of respondents/primary caregivers with dirt observed under their fingernails	48 (54.6)	52 (59.1)	0.54

CFU = colony forming unit; LPCD = liters per capita per day; NTU = nephelometric turbidity unit; SD = standard deviation.

^*Variable was self-reported by primary caregiver/mother.

^†P values are the results of bivariate analyses between hygiene variables in the rainy and dry season. χ² or Fisher's exact tests were used to analyze associations and differences of proportions between binary variables. t tests were used to test differences of means between continuous variables.

^‡Values Ln-transformed to perform t test.

^§Significantly different at the 95% confidence level.