Table 2.
Environmental loading of Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cyst from five domestic animal host groups in Puri District, Odisha, India
| Host species | Puri District 2007 population (N) | Feces production rate* g/day/individual | Cryptosporidium | Giardia | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loading rate† oocyst/day/individual (±2σ)‡ | Total load for Puri District oocyst/day (±2σ)‡ | Loading rate† cyst/day/individual (±2σ)‡ | Total load for Puri District cyst/day (±2σ)‡ | |||
| Cattle | 429,397 | 38,400 | 4.8E+04 (1.8E+04, 1.3E+05) | 2.1E+10 (7.7E+09, 5.6E+10) | 1.5E+05 (1.2E+03, 1.7E+07) | 6.2E+10 (5.3E+08, 7.1E+12) |
| Buffalo | 27,401 | 38,400 | 3.6E+04 (1.8E+04, 7.0E+04) | 9.8E+08 (4.9E+08, 1.9E+09) | 4.3E+04 (7.5E+03, 2.4E+05) | 1.2E+09 (2.0E+08, 6.6E+09) |
| Goat | 132,717 | 1,664 | 6.4E+03 (3.4E+02, 1.2E+05) | 8.5E+08 (4.5E+07, 1.6E+10) | 3.4E+03 (1.1E+03, 1.0E+04) | 4.5E+08 (1.5E+08, 1.4E+09) |
| Sheep | 67,466 | 675 | 3.4E+03 (2.7E+01, 4.3E+05) | 2.3E+08 (1.8E+06, 2.9E+10) | 7.2E+03 (3.2E+01, 1.6E+06) | 4.9E+08 (2.2E+06, 1.1E+11) |
| Dog | 45,347 | 249 | 6.7E+02 (1.7E+01, 2.6E+04) | 3.0E+07 (7.8E+05, 1.2E+09) | 1.4E+04 (5.3E+00, 4.0E+07) | 6.6E+08 (2.4E+05, 1.8E+12) |
| Total | 702,328 | – | – | 2.3E+10 (8.2E+09, 1.0E+11) | – | 6.5E+10 (8.9E+08, 9.2E+12) |
Estimated from the 2007 animal population census and shedding rates measured in this study.
Feces production/day (gram) based on published literature for cattle, sheep, and goat,14 and for dog.8 No published information could be found for buffalo, so the cattle fecal production rate has been used.
Loading rate per individual for each host species was calculated as the product of the overall geometric mean shedding rate found in this study (positive and negative samples) and the fecal production rate as indicated. Negative samples were assigned half the sample lower detection limit for geometric mean calculations.
Two standard deviation (±2σ) from the geometric mean of loading rates provided to indicate level of loading rate variability.