Table 4.
Results of bivariate analyses for selected study sample characteristics and utilization of the HEW/HP for children reported sick with diarrhea, fever, and/or pneumonia for the total sample and by type of child health services available in a caregiver's community
| Variables | Total | Routine CCM | iCCM |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Predisposing characteristics | |||
| Religion | |||
| Muslim | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Christian | 1.14 (0.60–2.17) | 1.27 (0.62–2.60) | 1.06 (0.36–3.10) |
| Household size (number of members) | |||
| ≤ 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 4–6 | 0.93 (0.50–1.75) | 1.81 (0.57–5.78) | 0.71 (0.34–1.49) |
| ≥ 7 | 0.80 (0.42–1.52) | 1.61 (0.51–5.09) | 0.59 (0.27–1.32) |
| Maternal education | |||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Some formal | 0.79 (0.50–1.26) | 0.96 (0.46–2.02) | 0.68 (0.38–1.20) |
| Previous use of HP services | |||
| Never used | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Used | 6.01 (3.84–9.40)*** | 5.25 (2.99–9.20)*** | 6.57 (3.43–12.58)*** |
| Child gender | |||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.10 (0.77–1.57) | 0.92 (0.55–1.52) | 1.24 (0.75–2.05) |
| Maternal age in years | |||
| 15–19 | 0.53 (0.19–1.48) | 0.07 (0.01–0.51)** | 0.88 (0.29–2.60) |
| 20–29 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 30–39 | 1.02 (0.71–1.47) | 1.29 (0.82–2.03) | 0.86 (0.49–1.49) |
| 40–49 | 0.67 (0.32–1.40) | 0.98 (0.32–2.60) | 0.98 (0.15–1.46) |
| Enabling characteristics | |||
| Zone of residence | |||
| Jimma | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| West Hararghe | 0.70 (0.47–1.04)* | 0.87 (0.51–1.49) | 0.60 (0.33–1.07)* |
| Household distance to the HP in minutes travel time | |||
| 0–30 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 31–60 | 0.66 (0.42–1.04)* | 0.52 (0.42–1.04)* | 0.71 (0.40–1.25) |
| 61–120 | 0.61 (0.39–0.95)** | 1.13 (0.62–2.06) | 0.33 (0.16–0.68)*** |
| > 120 | 0.55 (0.30–0.99)** | 1.16 (0.55–2.42) | 0.28 (0.11–0.71)*** |
| Household wealth | |||
| Poorest 40% | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Middle 40% | 1.03 (0.71–1.52) | 0.87 (0.51–1.50) | 1.22 (0.72–2.08) |
| Wealthiest 20% | 1.13 (0.75–1.70) | 1.21 (0.58–2.53) | 1.05 (0.65–1.71) |
| Awareness of child health services at HP | |||
| Not aware | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Aware | 2.52 (1.64–3.84)*** | 2.31 (1.23–4.35)** | 2.52 (1.42–4.46)*** |
| Need characteristics | |||
| Maternal knowledge of danger signs in number of IMCI signs reported | |||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–2 | 1.57 (0.72–3.41) | 1.31 (0.49–3.52) | 2.01 (0.58–6.96) |
| ≥ 3 | 1.78 (0.86–3.69) | 1.17 (0.86–3.15) | 2.57 (0.84–7.84)* |
| Experienced previous child death | |||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.79 (0.52–1.19) | 0.97 (0.60–1.57) | 0.67 (0.35–1.27) |
| Child age in years | |||
| < 1 | 0.61 (0.33–1.13) | 1.33 (0.59–3.00) | 0.29 (0.13–0.66)*** |
| 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 | 1.08 (0.62–1.87) | 1.55 (0.76–3.15) | 0.90 (0.42–1.90) |
| 3 | 0.85 (0.49–1.47) | 1.24 (0.63–2.42) | 0.71 (0.33–1.53) |
| 4 | 0.96 (0.48–1.93) | 0.89 (0.37–2.12) | 1.07 (0.42–2.72) |
| Illness type | |||
| Reported diarrhea only | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Reported pneumonia | 1.30 (0.82–2.05) | 0.70 (0.38–1.31) | 2.17 (1.12–4.22)** |
| Other | 0.96 (0.60–1.52) | 0.68 (0.37–1.25) | 1.29 (0.64–2.61) |
CI = confidence interval; HEW = health extension worker; HP = health post; iCCM = integrated community case management; OR = unadjusted odds ratio.
*
Statistically significant at the P < 0.10 level.
**
Statistically significant at the P < 0.05 level.
***
Statistically significant at the P < 0.01 level.