Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 2833 invasive breast cancer by diabetes status identified from CMS data.
| No diabetes (2534 patients) | Diabetes (299 patients) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at breast cancer diagnosis (mean (s.d.)) | 73.2 (5.4) | 73.4 (5.3) | 0.69 |
| White (not of Hispanic origin) (%) | 2339 (92.3) | 248 (82.9) | <0.0001 |
| BMI at baseline (mean (s.d.), kg m−2) | 27.6 (5.4) | 32.1 (6.2) | <0.0001 |
| Physical Activity (METs per week, mean (s.d.)) | 12.7 (13.0) | 9.3 (10.4) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol use (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| Nondrinker | 224 (8.8) | 51 (17.1) | |
| Past drinker | 379 (15.0) | 80 (26.8) | |
| Current drinker | 1913 (75.5) | 165 (55.2) | |
| Education (%) | 0.0002 | ||
| High school diploma or less | 443 (17.5) | 77 (25.8) | |
| Some college or technical training | 917 (36.2) | 118 (39.5) | |
| College or higher | 1162 (45.9) | 102 (34.1) | |
| Dietary intake | |||
| Dietary energy (kcal) | 1636 (624.7) | 1750 (864.5) | 0.03 |
| Percent calories from fat | 33 (8.1) | 34 (8.3) | 0.04 |
| Daily fruit consumption (med portion) | 1.9 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.3) | 0.6 |
| Daily vegetable consumption (med portion) | 2.3 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.5) | 0.9 |
| Prior hormone use at baseline (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| No | 1042 (41.1) | 156 (52.2) | |
| OEstrogen alone | 705 (27.8) | 90 (30.1) | |
| OEstrogen plus progestin | 606 (23.9) | >11 (∼) | |
| Mixed | 181 (7.1) | <11 (∼) | |
| Comorbidity | <0.0001 | ||
| 0 | 2145 (84.7) | 220 (73.6) | |
| 1 | 313 (12.4) | 49 (16.4) | |
| 2 | 57 (2.2) | 16 (5.4) | |
| 3+ | 19 (0.8) | 14 (4.7) | |
| Family history of cancer among female relatives (%) | 1333 (52.6) | 163 (54.5) | 0.31 |
Abbreviation: MET=Metabolic equivalent task. ∼The cell sizes were suppressed for confidentiality reasons per the Medicare data usage agreement. Some of categories did not exactly sum up to the total number because of missing values.