. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 4.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Jun 24;39(2):244–253. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.111

Table 1.

Subject characteristics

	BMI Group			WC Group
	Normal	Overweight	Obese	Non-risk	At-risk

Number of subjects	34	26	42	52	50
Sex, % Female	71	62	69	60	76^*
Age, years	43±2	46±3	49±2	43±2	50±2
Weight, kg	64±1	76±2^*	102±2^*^#	68±2	98±3^*
Height, cm	169±1	166±2	167±1	167±1	168±1
BMI, kg/m²	22±0.3	28±0.3^*	37±0.8^*^#	24±0.5	35±0.9^*
Waist, cm	79±1	90±2^*	112±2^*^#	82±1	109±2^*
Triglycerides, mg/dL	65±5	125±15	158±22^*	88±9	150±19^*
HDL, mg/dL	62±3	49±3^*	48±3^*	57±3	49±2^*
Glucose, mg/dL	92±2	97±2	100±1^*	95±1	98±2
Insulin, μIU/mL	4±0.4	10±1.3^*	13±1.0^*	6±0.7	12±1^*
HOMA-IR	1.01±0.12	2.42±0.37^*	3.19±0.29^*	1.48±0.19	3.05±0.27^*
Tg/HDL	1.17±0.13	3.18±0.55^*	3.81±0.58^*	1.91±0.31	3.57±0.49^*
bSBP, mmHg	112±2	119±2	128±2^*^#	115±2	126±2^*
bPP, mmHg	40±2	43±2	49±2^*	42±1	47±2
cSBP, mmHg	103±2	109±2	117±2^*^#	105±2	116±2^*
cPP, mmHg	31±2	33±2	37±2^*	31±1	37±2^*
cIMT, mm	0.61±0.02	0.67±0.03	0.69±0.02^*	0.62±0.02	0.70±0.02^*
CDd, mm	0.57±0.01	0.57±0.01	0.61±0.01^*^#	0.57±0.01	0.60±0.01^*
cCSA mm²	10.5±0.3	11.4±0.5	12.7±0.5^*	10.7±0.3	12.6±0.4^*
PWVcf, m/s	6.8±0.26	7.3±0.3	7.9±0.25^*	6.8±0.19	8.0±0.23^*
HTN,%	3	28	54^*^#	8	54^*
EF. %	63±1	59±1	60±1	62±1	60±1
Medications
Diuretics, %	1 (3)	0 (0)	5 (12)	3 (6)	7 (14)
B-blockers, %	0 (0)	2 (8)	5 (12)	2 (4)	5 (10)
ACEI/ARB, %	0 (0)	1 (4)	8 (19)^*^#	0 (0)	9 (18)^*
Ca²+ blockers, %	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Statins, %	2 (6)	1 (4)	7 (16)	3 (6)	7 (14)

BMI: body mass index = normal BMI <25 kg/m², overweight BMI 25-29.9 kg/m², obese BMI>30 kg/m²; WC: waist circumference = Non-risk group, male< 102 cm, female <88 cm; at-risk group, male≥ 102 cm, female ≥88 cm

Abbreviations: b = brachial; c = central; HDL: high density lipoprotein; Tg: triglycerides; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment Insulin Resistance; cIMT, carotid intima medial thickness; cCSA, common carotid cross sectional area; CDd, carotid diameter in diastole; PWVcf, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; SBP, systolic pressure; PP, pulse pressure; HTN: hypertension status; EF; ejection fraction; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers; Ca²⁺: calcium channel blockers. For BMI groups

p<0.05 vs normal,

p<0.05 vs. overweight; for WC group,

p<0.05 vs. non-risk.