Table 2.
Associations between pregnant women’s alcohol consumption and maternal anaemia in Northern Tanzania 2006–2010
| % of pregnancies | % of pregnancies associated with anaemia | Univariate analysis | Multivariable model(a) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | RR (95 % CI) | p-value | ARR (95 % CI) | p-value | ||
| Anaemia during pregnancy (Hb < 11.0 g/dL) (n = 8778)(b) | ||||||
| Drinks alcohol | 26.7 | 46.5 | 0.81 (0.77 – 0.85) | < 0.001 | 0.84 (0.79 – 0.90) | < 0.001 |
| Drinks alcohol every day | 0.4 | 43.6 | 0.76 (0.53 – 1.08) | 0.126 | 0.82 (0.49 – 1.36) | 0.439 |
| Drinks alcohol more than once a week | 7.4 | 41.6 | 0.72 (0.66 – 0.79) | < 0.001 | 0.77 (0.68 – 0.87) | < 0.001 |
| Drinks alcohol once a week | 2.9 | 44.0 | 0.77 (0.66 – 0.88) | < 0.001 | 0.78 (0.64 – 0.95) | 0.012 |
| Drinks occasionally | 16.0 | 49.2 | 0.85 (0.81 – 0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.82 – 0.95) | 0.002 |
| Abstains from alcohol | 73.3 | 57.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Severe anaemia during pregnancy (Hb < 7.0 g/dL) (n = 8778)(b) | ||||||
| Drinks alcohol | 26.7 | 6.1 | 0.75 (0.63 – 0.90) | 0.002 | 0.74 (0.58 – 0.95) | 0.016 |
| Drinks alcohol every day | 0.4 | 12.8 | 1.58 (0.69 – 3.60) | 0.276 | 1.12 (0.44 – 2.86) | 0.811 |
| Drinks alcohol more than once a week | 7.4 | 6.0 | 0.74 (0.54 – 1.02) | 0.062 | 0.51 (0.32 – 0.80) | 0.003 |
| Drinks alcohol once a week | 2.9 | 6.3 | 0.78 (0.48 – 1.27) | 0.318 | 0.70 (0.34 – 1.41) | 0.318 |
| Drinks occasionally | 16.0 | 5.9 | 0.73 (0.58 – 0.91) | 0.006 | 0.87 (0.66 – 1.16) | 0.353 |
| Abstains from alcohol | 73.3 | 8.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Mild/moderate anaemia during pregnancy (Hb 7.0 – 10.9 g/dL) (n = 8778)(b) | ||||||
| Drinks alcohol | 26.7 | 40.4 | 0.82 (0.77 – 0.86) | < 0.001 | 0.86 (0.80 – 0.93) | < 0.001 |
| Drinks alcohol every day | 0.4 | 30.8 | 0.62 (0.39 – 1.00) | 0.048 | 0.70 (0.35 – 1.39) | 0.310 |
| Drinks alcohol more than once a week | 7.4 | 35.6 | 0.72 (0.65 – 0.80) | < 0.001 | 0.82 (0.72 – 0.94) | 0.004 |
| Drinks alcohol once a week | 2.9 | 37.7 | 0.76 (0.65 – 0.89) | 0.001 | 0.79 (0.64 – 0.98) | 0.034 |
| Drinks occasionally | 16.0 | 43.3 | 0.88 (0.82 – 0.93) | < 0.001 | 0.89 (0.81 – 0.97) | 0.007 |
| Abstains from alcohol | 73.3 | 49.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
(a)In the multivariable analyses the associations with alcohol have for all the outcomes been adjusted for the following predictors: mother's age, mother's occupation, mother's tribe, mother's religion, mother's body mass index, mother's height, previous pregnancies, mother's current residence, mother's childhood residence, father's age, father's tribe, year of delivery, drinking water source, boiling of drinking water, mother's age at marriage and mother's HIV-status
(b)For anaemia during pregnancy, mild/moderate anaemia and severe anaemia one data entry per pregnancy has been included. Results from anaemia, mild/moderate anaemia and severe anaemia are based on 8778 pregnancies registered from 2006 and onwards