Table 5.
Odds ratios (95% CIs) of overall preterm birth in association with ln-unit increase in BPA concentration (ng/mL) stratified by infant sex.
| Overall preterm | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (cases, controls) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | n (cases, controls) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | n (cases, controls) | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Female | |||||||||
| Geometric average (visit 1–3) | 56, 158 | 1.62 (0.98, 2.67) | 0.06 | 55, 153 | 1.80 (1.02, 3.13) | 0.04 | 55, 153 | 1.59 (0.89, 2.75) | 0.15 |
| Visit 1 | 56, 158 | 1.42 (1.02, 1.98) | 0.04 | 55, 153 | 1.34 (0.89, 2.02) | 0.17 | 55, 153 | 1.19 (0.78, 1.82) | 0.41 |
| Visit 2 | 50, 138 | 1.31 (0.89, 1.93) | 0.17 | 49, 136 | 1.43 (0.93, 2.19) | 0.10 | 49, 136 | 1.38 (0.88, 2.16) | 0.16 |
| Visit 3 | 45, 140 | 1.08 (0.75, 1.57) | 0.68 | 44, 135 | 1.13 (0.74, 1.74) | 0.57 | 44, 135 | 1.02 (0.63, 1.64) | 0.95 |
| Visit 4 | 26, 139 | 1.08 (0.63, 1.84) | 0.79 | 25, 135 | 1.29 (0.67, 2.46) | 0.44 | 25, 135 | 1.20 (0.61, 2.35) | 0.59 |
| Combined model (visit 1–3)d | 42, 123 | 41, 121 | 41, 121 | ||||||
| Visit 1 | 1.53 (0.97, 2.40) | 0.16 | 1.69 (0.98, 2.92) | 0.06 | 1.62 (0.93, 2.83) | 0.09 | |||
| Visit 2 | 1.27 (0.81, 2.00) | 0.37 | 1.51 (0.91, 2.50) | 0.11 | 1.43 (0.85, 2.41) | 0.18 | |||
| Visit 3 | 0.97 (0.64, 1.45) | 0.24 | 0.96 (0.61, 1.52) | 0.86 | 0.85 (0.52, 1.39) | 0.52 | |||
| Male | |||||||||
| Geometric average (visit 1–3) | 74, 194 | 0.94 (0.56, 1.58) | 0.82 | 72, 181 | 0.89 (0.47, 1.70) | 0.73 | 72, 181 | 0.89 (0.46, 1.70) | 0.71 |
| Visit 1 | 74, 193 | 1.03 (0.72, 1.46) | 0.88 | 72, 180 | 0.90 (0.60, 1.34) | 0.60 | 71, 180 | 0.93 (0.62, 1.39) | 0.71 |
| Visit 2 | 68, 166 | 1.07 (0.72, 1.59) | 0.74 | 66, 157 | 1.05 (0.65, 1.71) | 0.84 | 66, 157 | 1.06 (0.65, 1.74) | 0.81 |
| Visit 3 | 66, 161 | 0.84 (0.59, 1.21) | 0.35 | 64, 152 | 0.82 (0.54, 1.26) | 0.37 | 64, 152 | 0.78 (0.51, 1.21) | 0.27 |
| Visit 4 | 40, 175 | 1.10 (0.72, 1.68) | 0.67 | 39, 163 | 1.28 (0.76, 2.18) | 0.35 | 39, 163 | 1.36 (0.78, 2.36) | 0.28 |
| Combined model (visit 1–3)d | 60, 140 | 58, 133 | 58, 133 | ||||||
| Visit 1 | 1.09 (0.71, 1.67) | 0.69 | 0.92 (0.57, 1.50) | 0.74 | 0.92 (0.56, 1.50) | 0.73 | |||
| Visit 2 | 1.13 (0.72, 1.78) | 0.59 | 1.05 (0.60, 1.83) | 0.86 | 1.07 (0.61, 1.88) | 0.81 | |||
| Visit 3 | 0.83 (0.55, 1.24) | 0.36 | 0.77 (0.48, 1.24) | 0.28 | 0.78 (0.48, 1.26) | 0.30 | |||
| aAdjusted for specific gravity. bModel adjusted for specific gravity, maternal age, race, maternal educational level attained, medical insurance, parity, prior history of PTB, and BMI. cAdditional adjustment for geometric average sum of DEHP metabolites. dCombined model adjusted for all three study visits simultaneously. | |||||||||