Table 4.
Measurement error–adjusted associations per interquartile range increase in black smoke or PM2.5 exposures on the risk of incident lung cancer 1986–2003 overall and by subtype.
| Exposure | All cases HR (95% CI)a | Squamous-cell carcinoma HR (95% CI)a | Small-cell carcinoma HR (95% CI)a | Large-cell carcinoma HR (95% CI)a | Adenocarcinoma HR (95% CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black smoke (10 μg/m3) | 1.19 (1.02, 1.39) | 1.17 (0.93, 1.47) | 1.28 (0.94, 1.75) | 1.26 (0.90, 1.76) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.54) |
| Percent increase in HRb | 2.6 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 0.0 |
| Percent increase in 95% CIsc | 23.3 | 22.7 | 22.7 | 21.1 | 10.2 |
| PM2.5 (10 μg/m3) | 1.37 (0.86, 2.17) | 1.32 (0.67, 2.61) | 1.25 (0.50, 3.15) | 1.88 (0.68, 5.21) | 1.25 (0.54, 2.89) |
| Percent increase in HRb | 17.1 | 14.8 | 11.6 | 37.2 | 9.7 |
| Percent increase in 95% CIsc | 142.6 | 145.6 | 150.0 | 216.8 | 108.0 |
| aMultivariable model was adjusted for age and sex; cigarette-, cigar-, and pipe-smoking status; years and amount of cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking; secondhand smoke exposure; educational status; occupational status; marital status; BMI; alcohol consumption; intake of fruits, vegetables, and fish; and neighborhood- and COROP-level SES. b[(HRmultivariable – HRmeasurement error)/HRmultivariable] × 100. c{[(UCLmultivariable – LCLmultivariable) – (UCLmeasurement error – LCLmeasurement error)]/(UCLmultivariable – LCLmultivariable)} × 100. | |||||