Table 1. MRS concentration estimates by group and sex: cortex.

Metabolite	Female				Male
	0 ppm	3 ppm	30 ppm		0 ppm	3 ppm	30 ppm
NAA	6.05±0.54 [8]	5.86±0.59 [7]	5.46±1.80 [10]		6.05±0.76 [7]	6.39±0.61 [7]	6.54±0.51 [9]
NAA/Cr	1.02±0.10 [8]	1.06±0.09 [7]	1.02±0.15 [10]		0.97±0.09 [7]	1.03±0.08 [7]	1.06±0.10 [9]
Cr	5.98±0.59 [8]	5.55±0.69 [7]	5.32±1.62 [10]		6.26±0.46 [7]	6.20±0.54 [7]	6.19±0.66 [9]
Cho	1.56±0.20 [8]	1.42±0.23 [7]	1.42±0.43 [10]		1.59±0.16 [7]	1.63±0.14 [7]	1.51±0.15 [9]
Cho/Cr	0.26±0.04 [8]	0.25±0.02 [7]	0.27±0.02 [10]		0.25±0.02 [7]	0.26±0.01 [7]	0.24±0.02 [9]
Ins	4.72±0.96 [8]	4.56±0.61 [7]	4.47±1.65 [10]		4.25±0.85 [7]	4.15±0.42 [7]	4.22±0.90 [9]
Ins/Cr	0.78±0.11 [8]	0.83±0.14 [7]	0.83±0.23 [10]		0.68±0.09 [7]	0.67±0.07 [7]	0.68±0.14 [9]
Glu	7.84±1.15 [8]	8.92±1.00 [7]	8.24±2.76 [10]		8.89±1.32 [7]	9.47±0.85 [7]	9.19±1.28 [9]
Glu/Cr	1.31±0.18 [8]	1.63±0.25 [7]	1.54±0.23 [10]		1.43±0.26 [7]	1.54±0.20 [7]	1.50±0.27 [9]
Gln	5.03±1.22 [8]	5.78±1.50 [4]	4.99±0.65 [7]		4.86±0.84 [7]	4.27±0.92 [5]	4.99±0.54 [7]
Gln/Cr	0.86±0.32 [8]	1.02±0.19 [4]	0.84±0.11 [7]		0.79±0.18 [7]	0.71±0.13 [5]	0.81±0.14 [7]

Values (institutional units) are given as mean ± standard deviation, number of animals in the analysis [n]. MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAA, N-acetyl aspartate; Cr, creatine; Cho, choline; Ins, myo-inositol; Glu, glutamate; Gln, glutamine.