Table 3. MRS concentration estimates by group and sex: hippocampus.

Metabolite	Female				Male
	0 ppm	3 ppm	30 ppm		0 ppm	3 ppm	30 ppm
NAA	5.66±0.21 [4]	6.28±0.54 [6]	6.03±2.43 [10]		6.59±0.91 [5]	6.31±1.00 [6]	6.62±0.59 [10]
NAA/Cr	0.95±0.09 [4]	0.97±0.09 [6]	1.00±0.07 [10]		0.97±0.04 [5]	0.98±0.08 [6]	1.01±0.12 [10]
Cr	6.03±0.65 [4]	6.48±0.47 [6]	6.17±2.67 [10]		6.77±0.91 [5]	6.46±1.15 [6]	6.62±0.97 [10]
Cho	1.09±0.21 [4]	1.10±0.12 [6]	1.12±0.43 [10]		1.20±0.14 [5]	1.24±0.19 [6]	1.21±0.20 [10]
Cho/Cr	0.18±0.04 [4]	0.17±0.01 [6]	0.19±0.03 [10]		0.18±0.02 [5]	0.19±0.02 [6]	0.18±0.02 [10]
Ins	3.08±1.15 [4]	3.71±0.96 [6]	3.66±1.56 [10]		3.00±0.35 [5]	3.32±0.91 [6]	4.08±1.51 [9]
Ins/Cr	0.50±0.14 [4]	0.57±0.12 [6]	0.67±0.27 [10]		0.45±0.05 [5]	0.53±0.16 [6]	0.59±0.15 [9]
Glu	5.92±0.60 [4]	7.33±1.24 [6]	7.03±2.93 [10]		6.96±1.29 [5]	7.31±1.32 [6]	7.56±1.04 [10]
Glu/Cr	0.98±0.08 [4]	1.13±0.12 [6]	1.14±0.11 [10]		1.02±0.10 [5]	1.16±0.26 [6]	1.16±0.21 [10]
Gln	5.36±1.40 [3]	5.09±0.79 [5]	4.61±0.81 [5]		3.79±0.51 [5]	4.50±0.86 [4]	5.16±0.53 [6]
Gln/Cr	0.86±0.28 [3]	0.79±0.15 [5]	0.71±0.14 [5]		0.56±0.07 [5]	0.66±0.11 [4]	0.79±0.13 [6]

Values (institutional units) are given as mean ± standard deviation [n]. MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAA, N-acetyl aspartate; Cr, creatine; Cho, choline; Ins, myo-inositol; Glu, glutamate; Gln, glutamine.