. 2015 May;50(5):486–497. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.5.08

Table 3.

Significant Hierarchical Linear Modeling Results for Men^a

Biomechanical Factors	Exercise-Related Increases in AP_LAX and SP_TIME					Exercise-Related Increases in VV_LAX and IER_LAX
	Slopes^b	Intercept^c	Baseline Knee Laxity^d			Slopes^e	Intercept^c	Baseline Knee Laxity^d
	Slopes^b	Intercept^c	AP, mm^d	VV, °^d	IER, °^d	Slopes^e	Intercept^c	AP, mm^d	VV, °^d	IER, °^d
1: Greater hip-flexion motion and energy absorption	SP_TIME	0.20			−0.08^f	VV_LAX
1: Greater hip-flexion motion and energy absorption	AP_LAX	0.17^f				IER_LAX	0.03			0.01^f
2: Greater initial hip-flexion and hip-extensor loading	SP_TIME	−1.08^f			−0.16^f	VV_LAX
2: Greater initial hip-flexion and hip-extensor loading	AP_LAX					IER_LAX
3: Greater knee and ankle flexion and knee energy absorption	SP_TIME					VV_LAX
	AP_LAX					IER_LAX
4: Greater knee-extensor loading	SP_TIME	−0.54	2.30^f	−1.63^f	0.16^f	VV_LAX
4: Greater knee-extensor loading	AP_LAX	0.14^f			−0.03^f	IER_LAX
5: Greater initial ankle dorsiflexion with less excursion	SP_TIME					VV_LAX
5: Greater initial ankle dorsiflexion with less excursion	AP_LAX	0.17^g	−0.26^f	0.17^f		IER_LAX
6: Greater ankle plantar-flexor loading and knee shear forces	SP_TIME	−0.57	0.97^f			VV_LAX	0.23	−0.61^f	0.55^f
	AP_LAX					IER_LAX	0.02	0.07^f
7: Began and remained in greater hip external rotation, knee valgus, and knee internal rotation	SP_TIME	−0.26			−0.28^f	VV_LAX	0.37^f	−0.56^f	0.38^f
	AP_LAX					IER_LAX	−0.05		0.08^g
8: Greater pure frontal-plane knee-valgus motion	SP_TIME	−0.94^g				VV_LAX	0.01			0.05^f
8: Greater pure frontal-plane knee-valgus motion	AP_LAX	−0.05	0.16^f	−0.12^f	−0.03^g	IER_LAX	−0.06^g
9: Greater knee internal-rotation motion during landing	SP_TIME	0.32		−0.63^g		VV_LAX	−0.21			−0.07^f
9: Greater knee internal-rotation motion during landing	AP_LAX	0.04	0.08^f	−0.08^f	0.02^g	IER_LAX
10: Greater knee external-rotation motion during landing	SP_TIME	0.11			0.05^g	VV_LAX
10: Greater knee external-rotation motion during landing	AP_LAX					IER_LAX	0.02	0.07^f	−0.07^f
11: Less frontal- and transverse-plane hip and knee loading	SP_TIME	0.10			−0.12^f	VV_LAX
11: Less frontal- and transverse-plane hip and knee loading	AP_LAX					IER_LAX	−0.07^g

Abbreviations: AP, anterior-posterior; AP_LAX, anterior-posterior knee laxity; IER, internal-external rotation; IER_LAX, internal-external rotation knee laxity; SP_TIME, sprint time; VV, varus-valgus; VV_LAX, varus-valgus knee laxity.

^{^a}

The nonsignificant findings that are not included in this Table can be found in Supplemental Tables 1 and 2 (available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.5.08.S2).

^{^b}

SP_TIME and AP_LAX slopes describe the extent to which exercise-related changes in SP_TIME and AP_LAX, respectively, predict exercise-related changes in each biomechanical factor within a person.

^{^c}

The intercept represents the average expected change in the factor score for every unit change in the predictor variable (ie, 1-second change in SP_TIME, 1-mm change in AP_LAX, and 1° change in VV_LAX and IER_LAX).

^{^d}

The baseline laxity coefficients represents the extent to which an individual's initial knee laxity measures (AP_LAX, VV_LAX, and IER_LAX at pre-warm-up) moderate the relationship (or slope) between the independent variable (eg, SP_TIME) and the factor score. Specifically, for an individual with a baseline knee-laxity value that is 1 unit value above or below the group mean, the average expected change (ie, slope of the intercept) is predicted to increase or decrease, respectively, by that amount.

^{^e}

The VV_LAX and IER_LAX slopes describe the extent to which exercise-related changes in VV_LAX and IER_LAX, respectively, predict additional exercise-related changes in each biomechanical factor that was not previously explained by SP_TIME and AP_LAX.

^{^f}

Indicates coefficient (slope) is different from zero (P < .05).

^{^g}

Indicates coefficient (slope) is different from zero (P < .10).