Acute incubation of isolated MRA with TLR9 agonist ODN2395 activates TLR9 signalling. Incubation of naïve Sprague Dawley MRA with TLR9 agonist ODN2395 (2 µmol/L) for 15 or 30 min did not change protein expression of (A) TLR9. However, ODN2395 altered protein expressions of (B) canonical-inflammatory signalling (increased MyD88 and TRAF6) and (C) non-canonical stress tolerance signalling (increased SERCA2 and phosphorylated AMPKαThr172), relative to the unstimulated condition. Black bars: unstimulated, dark grey bars: 15 min stimulation, light grey bars: 30 min stimulation, and white bars: 30 min stimulation in the presence of TLR9 antagonist (ODN2088). Below, densitometric analysis. Above, representative images of immunoblots. n = 3–4. One-way ANOVA: *P < 0.05 vs. unstimulated.