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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2015;78(12):711–724. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1026622

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Exposure of mice to inhaled CdO NP (230 μg/m3) results in increased renal Kim-1 and NGAL mRNA expression during pregnancy. At designated times during exposure, pregnant mice were euthanized and the kidneys were collected. The mRNA expression levels were measured using real-time PCR for Kim-1 (A) and NGAL (B). Data are mean ΔCt values (normalized to 18S rRNA) ± SE from n = 3–5 individual mice per treatment per determination (lower ΔCt values represent higher levels of expression). Significance: *p < .05 between exposure groups on a particular gestation day; bars with different letters within a treatment group (i.e., control or CdO NP) are significantly different.