Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to the presence of gout
| Variables | Gout (n=59 224) | No gout (n=238 805) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 65.3±12.2 | 65.3±12.1 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 41 950 (70.8%) | 169 749 (71.1%) |
| Female | 17 274 (29.2%) | 69 056 (28.9%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||
| Mean±SD | 28.5±4.6 | 28.2±4.2 |
| <18.5 | 214 (0.4%) | 600 (0.3%) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 12 476 (21.1%) | 51 898 (21.7%) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 27 235 (46.0%) | 115 671 (48.4%) |
| ≥30.0 | 19 299 (32.6%) | 70 636 (29.6%) |
| Socioeconomic deprivation index score | 2.6±1.3 | 2.6±1.3 |
| GP visits | 5.0±3.9 | 4.2±3.5 |
| Smoking | ||
| Current | 7784 (13.1%) | 38 808 (16.3%) |
| None/past | 50 690 (85.6%) | 196 566 (82.3%) |
| Unknown | 750 (1.3%) | 3431 (1.4%) |
| Alcohol | ||
| Current | 47 526 (80.2%) | 182 960 (76.6%) |
| None/past | 8800 (14.9%) | 41 788 (17.5%) |
| Unknown | 2898 (4.9%) | 14 057 (5.9%) |
| Hypertension | 33 337 (56.3%) | 101 435 (42.5%) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 23 966 (40.5%) | 80 280 (33.6%) |
| Stroke | 4976 (8.4%) | 15 782 (6.6%) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 12 673 (21.4%) | 38 386 (16.1%) |
| Diabetes | 7341 (12.4%) | 31 531 (13.2%) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) | 19 210 (32.4%) | 53 459 (22.4%) |
| Aspirin | 16 400 (27.7%) | 57 133 (23.9%) |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) | 6861 (11.6%) | 18 411 (7.7%) |
| Beta-blockers | 17 957 (30.3%) | 47 212 (19.8%) |
| Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) | 13 347 (22.5%) | 47 447 (19.9%) |
| Diuretics | 26 606 (44.9%) | 59 256 (24.8%) |
| NSAIDs | 20 530 (34.7%) | 49 826 (20.9%) |
Data are represented as mean±SD or number (percentage).
Hyperlipidaemia: defined as a diagnosis of hyperlipidaemia or use of antihyperlipidaemics.
Socioeconomic Deprivation Index score was measured by the Townsend Deprivation Index, which was grouped into quintiles from 1 (least deprived) to 5 (most deprived).
BMI, body mass index; GP, general practitioner; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.