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. 2015 Aug 31;8(8):268–276. doi: 10.4066/AMJ.2015.2464

Table 2: Change over time in psychological factors between low back pain patient cohorts from baseline to six months.

Variables Groups and comparisons Baseline (n=312) 3wk FU (n=252) 6wk FU (n=222) 12wk FU (n=192) 6mth FU (n=168)
Psychological factors FABQ work activity (mean[+/-SD])
Y-ACC (n=124)
N- ACC (n=188)
N-ACC-NB (n=146)
N-ACC-B (n=42)
Y-ACC vs. N-ACC
Y-ACC vs. N-ACC-NB
Y-ACC vs. N-ACC-B
N-ACC-NB vs. N-ACC-B
15 (11)
12 (10)
11 (9)
15 (12)
P = .042
P = .020
P = .989
P = .140
15 (25)
10 (9)
9 (8)
16 (9)
P = .067
P = .051
P = .997
P = .001
13 (10)
9 (9)
8 (7)
15 (12)
P = .005
P < .001
P = .876
P = .027
10 (9)
10 (9)
8 (8)
17 (11)
P = .664
P = .274
P = .041
P = .003
9 (9)
9 (9)
7 (8)
15 (11)
P = .734
P = .504
P = .171
P = .047
FABQ physical activity (mean[+/-SD])
Y-ACC (n = 124)
N- ACC (n=188)
N-ACC-NB (n=146)
N-ACC-B (n=42)
Y-ACC vs. N-ACC
Y-ACC vs. N-ACC-NB
Y-ACC vs. N-ACC-B
N-ACC-NB vs. N-ACC-B
14 (6)
14 (6)
13 (6)
15 (6)
P = .214
P = .234
P = .963
P = .303
13 (6)
13 (6)
12 (6)
16 (6)
P = .594
P = .254
P = .039
P = .001
13 (10)
9 (9)
8 (7)
15 (12)
P = .005
P < .001
P = .876
P = .027
11 (7)
11 (7)
10 (6)
17 (6)
P = .726
P = .678
P < .001
P < .001
12 (6)
11 (7)
10 (6)
15 (6)
P = .388
P = .304
P = .274
P = .035
Helplessness (PCS) (mean[+/-SD])
Y-ACC (n=124)
N- ACC (n=188)
N-ACC-NB (n=146)
N-ACC-B (n=42)
Y-ACC vs. N-ACC
Y-ACC vs. N-ACC-NB
Y-ACC vs. N-ACC-B
N-ACC-NB vs. N-ACC-B
6.1 (5.9)
6.4 (5.5)
5.5 (4.9)
9.8 (6.0)
P = .566
P = .755
P = .002
P < .001
3.7 (3.5)
4.6 (4.5)
3.9 (3.9)
7 (5.2)
P = .065
P = .974
P = .002
P = .003
3.5 (3.5)
5.0 (5.0)
4.1 (4.3)
8.7 (6.1)
P = .012
P = .697
P = .001
P = .003
2.7 (4.0)
4.7 (5.0)
4.1 (4.5)
7.5 (5.9)
P = .003
P = .127
P = .004
P = .046
3.3 (4.0)
4.3 (4.6)
3.8 (4.1)
6.6 (6.2)
P = .141
P = .815
P = .143
P = .254

Raw data are presented, significant difference is indicated in bold; analysis compares patients over time between ACC claim (Y-ACC) versus no ACC claim (N-ACC); no ACC claim patients are further broken down into no ACC claim and not on a benefit (N-ACC-NB), and no ACC claim and on a benefit (N-ACC-B). Post-hoc group comparisons performed in one-way ANOVA with no equal variances; in-group comparison assumed (Tamhane’s T2), two-sided. FU: Follow-up. FABQ: Fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire. PCS: Pain catastrophising scale.