Table 3.
Model Type | Covariate | Categories | All-Cause Mortality | COD: Drug-Related | COD: Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related | COD: Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AHR (95% CI) | AHR (95% CI) | AHR (95% CI) | AHR (95% CI) | |||
Subdistribution PH model 1a | OST | Yes vs no | 0.20 (.15, .26) | 0.65 (.39, 1.09) | 0.20 (.14, .30) | 0.26 (.15, .45) |
HAART | Yes vs no | 0.29 (.24, .35) | 0.54 (.35, .84) | 0.31 (.24, .40) | 0.50 (.34, .74) | |
Subdistribution PH model 2a | OST and HAART | Off OST and HAART | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
On OST only | 0.18 (.13, .25) | 0.60 (.32, 1.12) | 0.21 (.13, .35) | 0.30 (.15, .59) | ||
On HAART only | 0.29 (.23, .36) | 0.49 (.28, .87) | 0.31 (.23, .42) | 0.54 (.35, .81) | ||
On OST and HAART | 0.07 (.05, .09) | 0.37 (.20, .70) | 0.06 (.04, .11) | 0.11 (.05, .25) | ||
Marginal Structural Model 1b,c | OST | Yes vs no | 0.34 (.23, .49) | 0.68 (.42, 1.12) | 0.33 (.23, .48) | 0.19 (.12, .32) |
Marginal Structural Model 2b,d | HAART | Yes vs no | 0.39 (.31, .48) | 0.49 (.32, .75) | 0.34 (.26, .44) | 0.42 (.29, .60) |
Marginal Structural Model 3b | OST and HAART | Off OST and HAART | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
On OST only | 0.34 (.22, .52) | 0.45 (.22, .92) | 0.35 (.21, .56) | 0.23 (.10, .52) | ||
On HAART only | 0.46 (.34, .62) | 0.37 (.21, .64) | 0.35 (.26, .46) | 0.64 (.46, .90) | ||
On OST and HAART | 0.16 (.10, .26) | 0.40 (.22, .73) | 0.14 (.08, .23) | 0.08 (.04, .17) |
Abbreviations: AHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; COD, cause of death; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; OST, opioid substitution treatment; PH, proportional hazards; Ref, reference.
a Data are organized into durations on and off OST and HAART.
b Data are organized in monthly intervals; OST and HAART receipt in at least 95% of days in a given month; estimated parameters are cause-specific hazard ratios.
c HAART is included as a time-dependent confounder in the model.
d OST is included as a time-dependent confounder in the model.