Table 4.
Quantile Multivariate Regression to Estimate the Effects of Predictor Variables on Median End‐of‐Life Costs (in Canadian dollars)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Level | Estimate (SE) | P | Estimate (SE) | P | Estimate (SE) | P | Estimate (SE) | P | Estimate (SE) | P |
| Intercept | 6562.99 (187.96) | <.0001 | 5991.87 (185.15) | <.0001 | 6509.6 (182.62) | <.0001 | 5902.1 (186.42) | <.0001 | 5651.37 (178.96) | <.0001 | |
| Agea | −64.22 (2.5) | <.0001 | −58.71 (2.44) | <.0001 | −63.41 (2.44) | <.0001 | −55.87 (2.51) | <.0001 | −52.93 (2.4) | <.0001 | |
| Sex | Maleb | — | .0447 | — | .0005 | — | .0287 | — | .0068 | — | .0006 |
| Female | 122.3 (60.93) | 192.53 (55.19) | 127.66 (58.36) | 165.58 (61.22) | 193.8 (56.57) | ||||||
| Year of deathc | 540.35 (21.86) | <.0001 | 523.55 (20.29) | <.0001 | 540.42 (20.81) | <.0001 | 515.36 (21.97) | <.0001 | 544.43 (20.33) | <.0001 | |
| Income quintile | Highestb | — | .1696 | — | .2253 | — | .1703 | — | — | .342 | |
| Second highest | 135.62 (98.73) | .0389 | 108.37 (89.37) | .0587 | 131.39 (95.82) | .0484 | 146.82 (99.31) | .1393 | 87.44 (92.02) | .1345 | |
| Middle | 204.26 (98.88) | .0864 | 153.43 (81.17) | .4671 | 188.09 (95.28) | .0863 | 201.37 (94.83) | .0337 | 130.92 (87.48) | .3506 | |
| Second lowest | 159.61 (93.09) | .0002 | 61.44 (84.48) | .0006 | 149.36 (87.07) | .0002 | 168.57 (91.51) | .0655 | 79.54 (85.22) | .0004 | |
| Lowest | 368.81 (98.97) | 297.01 (86.49) | 365.75 (96.94) | 404.14 (97.7) | <.0001 | 311.04 (87.31) | |||||
| Rurality | Ruralb | — | .5717 | — | .0093 | — | .6169 | — | .5622 | — | .0027 |
| Urban | 47.67 (84.28) | 214.26 (82.34) | 41.65 (83.26) | 48.47 (83.63) | 236.68 (78.96) | ||||||
| Cancer type | Nonhematologicb | — | <.0001 | — | <.0001 | — | <.0001 | — | <.0001 | — | <.0001 |
| Hematologic | 3749.67 (152.93) | 3554.97 (161.81) | 3728.2 (151.04) | 3054.94 (156.95) | 3333.51 (159.66) | ||||||
| Duration of cancer | — | <.0001 | — | <.0001 | — | <.0001 | — | <.0001 | — | <.0001 | |
| −23.94 (4.83) | −25.74 (2.7) | −23.59 (4.05) | −26.31 (4.97) | −24.82 (3.6) | |||||||
| Charlson score | 0b | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
| 1 | 1543.29 (192.49) | <.0001 | 1436.88 (166.97) | <.0001 | 1550.24 (193.89) | <.0001 | 1443.00 (169.11) | <.0001 | 1525.72 (175.7) | <.0001 | |
| ≥2 | 7045.36 (58.42) | <.0001 | 6609.97 (54.34) | <.0001 | 7039.43 (55.24) | <.0001 | 6697.68 (60.63) | <.0001 | 6517.95 (56.61) | <.0001 | |
| Palliative designation | Nob | — | <.0001 | — | <.0001 | — | <.0001 | — | .6155 | — | |
| Yes | −423.29 (65.45) | −236.50 (60.14) | −418.26 (62.21) | −33.21 (66.11) | −221.14 (61.37) | .0003 | |||||
| >1 ED visit | Nob | — | <.0001 | ||||||||
| Yes | 2636.41 (73.15) | ||||||||||
| Chemotherapy indicator | Nob | — | <.0001 | ||||||||
| Yes | 536.35 (89.26) | ||||||||||
| ICU indicator | Nob | — | <.0001 | ||||||||
| Yes | 9546.38 (258.61) | ||||||||||
| >1 hospitalization | Nob | — | <.0001 | ||||||||
| Yes | 6077.94 (102.11) | ||||||||||
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; SE, standard error.
a
Continuous variable centered on the age of 20 years.
b
Reference group.
c
Continuous variable centered on the year 2005.