TABLE 1.
Total, N = 590 | Bivariable Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Multivariable With Stepwise Addition (95% CI)
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1, Demographic Factors | Model 2, Plus CKD and Other Comorbidities | Stage Model 3, Plus Health Service Use | |||
Female | 312 (52.98%) | 1.21 (0.85–1.70) | 1.64 (1.09–2.47)* | 1.28 (0.79–2.06) | 1.36 (0.75–2.48) |
Age, y | |||||
Below 54 | 138 (23.4%) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
54–66 | 150 (24.4%) | 0.96 (0.59–1.54) | 0.95 (0.56–1.59) | 1.01 (0.56–1.81) | 0.83 (0.41–1.68) |
67–79 | 161 (27.3%) | 0.77 (0.48–1.23) | 0.67 (0.39–1.15) | 0.66 (0.35–1.23) | 0.72(0.34–1.52) |
Above 80 | 141 (23.9%) | 0.43 (0.26–0.74)† | 0.32 (0.17–0.60)‡ | 0.42 (0.20–0.91)* | 0.37 (0.15–0.93)* |
Race | |||||
African American | 449 (82.1%) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
White | 75 (13.7%) | 1.47 (0.89–2.42) | 1.53 (0.86–2.71) | 1.56 (0.78–3.12) | 1.08 (0.47–2.49) |
Other§ | 23 (4.2%) | 3.62 (1.53–8.54)† | 5.29 (1.78–15.73)† | 6.19 (1.72–22.29)† | 11.63 (1.80–75.21)* |
Ethnicity (Hispanic is reference group) | 21 (4.0%) | 0.97 (0.38–2.44) | 0.43 (0.13–1.45) | 0.71 (0.16–3.09) | 0.46 (0.06–3.57) |
Married | 171 (32.6%) | 1.49 (1.03–2.18)* | 1.32 (0.85–2.04) | 1.20 (0.73–1.98) | 1.77 (0.94–3.33) |
Education | |||||
Less than high school | 128 (25.2%) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
High school grad/some college | 296 (58.2%) | 1.05 (0.68–1.63) | 0.93 (0.58–1.49) | 0.95 (0.54–1.67) | 0.85 (0.42–1.72) |
College grad or higher | 85 (16.7%) | 1.13 (0.64–2.01) | 0.96 (0.51–1.78) | 1.07 (0.51–2.23) | 0.69 (0.27–1.77) |
CKD stage (eGFR calculated, mode) | |||||
1–2 | 115 (20.0%) | 0.55 (0.32–0.95)* | 0.52 (0.27–1.01) | 0.28 (0.11–0.69)† | |
3 | 300 (52.1%) | REF | REF | REF | |
4 | 112 (19.4%) | 2.43 (1.55–3.81)‡ | 2.69 (1.52–4.76)† | 3.07 (1.56–6.07)† | |
5 | 49 (8.5%) | 4.50 (2.39–8.48)‡ | 3.94 (1.81–8.56)† | 5.16 (1.85–14.41)† | |
Diabetes (ICD-9 coded or self-report)| | 292 (49.5%) | 1.52 (1.07–2.15)* | 1.54 (0.97–2.45) | 1.26 (0.71–2.26) | |
Hypertension (ICD-9 coded or self-report) | 436 (73.9%) | 3.36 (2.09–5.41)‡ | 1.53 (0.80–2.90) | 1.26 (0.57–2.81) | |
Mini-Mental State Exam score# | 19.7 (2.5) | 1.13 (1.03–1.23)† | 1.09 (0.98–1.22) | 1.22 (1.06–1.42)† | |
Hospitalized in last 12 months | 253 (46.9%) | 1.50 (1.05–2.13)* | 1.12 (0.65–1.95) | ||
No. of visits to health provider | |||||
Once/year or less | 80 (18.4%) | REF | REF | ||
2–3 times/year | 58 (13.3%) | 0.80 (0.40–1.60) | 0.44 (0.17–1.16) | ||
41 times/year | 298 (68.4%) | 0.60 (0.36–0.99)* | 0.38 (0.19–0.74)† |
NOTE: Model 1 demographic factors: gender, race, ethnicity, marital status and education; model 11CKD stage; model 21comorbidities: diabetes, hypertension, and mental status; and model 31healthcare use: hospitalization in the last 12 months and number of visits to a health provider in the last year. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision.
P<0.05.
P<0.01.
P<0.001.
Includes Asian or mixed race. |Diabetes ICD-9 codes 250.0–250.99.
Hypertension ICD-9 codes 401.0, 401.0, 401.9, 403, 405.09, 405.19, 405.91, 405.99.
From Mini-Mental State Exam telephone version (score 1–26).