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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 5.
Published in final edited form as: J Hosp Med. 2015 May 26;10(9):619–622. doi: 10.1002/jhm.2395

TABLE 1.

Overall Patient Characteristics and Patient Factors Associated With Patient Chronic Kidney Disease Self-Report

Total, N = 590 Bivariable Odds Ratio (95% CI) Multivariable With Stepwise Addition (95% CI)
Model 1, Demographic Factors Model 2, Plus CKD and Other Comorbidities Stage Model 3, Plus Health Service Use
Female 312 (52.98%) 1.21 (0.85–1.70)   1.64 (1.09–2.47)* 1.28 (0.79–2.06) 1.36 (0.75–2.48)
Age, y
 Below 54 138 (23.4%) REF REF REF REF
 54–66 150 (24.4%) 0.96 (0.59–1.54) 0.95 (0.56–1.59) 1.01 (0.56–1.81) 0.83 (0.41–1.68)
 67–79 161 (27.3%) 0.77 (0.48–1.23) 0.67 (0.39–1.15) 0.66 (0.35–1.23) 0.72(0.34–1.52)
 Above 80 141 (23.9%)   0.43 (0.26–0.74)   0.32 (0.17–0.60)   0.42 (0.20–0.91)*   0.37 (0.15–0.93)*
Race
 African American 449 (82.1%) REF REF REF REF
 White 75 (13.7%) 1.47 (0.89–2.42) 1.53 (0.86–2.71) 1.56 (0.78–3.12) 1.08 (0.47–2.49)
 Other§ 23 (4.2%)   3.62 (1.53–8.54)   5.29 (1.78–15.73) 6.19 (1.72–22.29) 11.63 (1.80–75.21)*
Ethnicity (Hispanic is reference group) 21 (4.0%) 0.97 (0.38–2.44) 0.43 (0.13–1.45) 0.71 (0.16–3.09) 0.46 (0.06–3.57)
Married 171 (32.6%)   1.49 (1.03–2.18)* 1.32 (0.85–2.04) 1.20 (0.73–1.98) 1.77 (0.94–3.33)
Education
 Less than high school 128 (25.2%) REF REF REF REF
 High school grad/some college 296 (58.2%) 1.05 (0.68–1.63) 0.93 (0.58–1.49) 0.95 (0.54–1.67) 0.85 (0.42–1.72)
 College grad or higher 85 (16.7%) 1.13 (0.64–2.01) 0.96 (0.51–1.78) 1.07 (0.51–2.23) 0.69 (0.27–1.77)
CKD stage (eGFR calculated, mode)
 1–2 115 (20.0%)   0.55 (0.32–0.95)* 0.52 (0.27–1.01)   0.28 (0.11–0.69)
 3 300 (52.1%) REF REF REF
 4 112 (19.4%)   2.43 (1.55–3.81)   2.69 (1.52–4.76)   3.07 (1.56–6.07)
 5 49 (8.5%)   4.50 (2.39–8.48)   3.94 (1.81–8.56) 5.16 (1.85–14.41)
Diabetes (ICD-9 coded or self-report)| 292 (49.5%)   1.52 (1.07–2.15)* 1.54 (0.97–2.45) 1.26 (0.71–2.26)
Hypertension (ICD-9 coded or self-report) 436 (73.9%)   3.36 (2.09–5.41) 1.53 (0.80–2.90) 1.26 (0.57–2.81)
Mini-Mental State Exam score# 19.7 (2.5)   1.13 (1.03–1.23) 1.09 (0.98–1.22)   1.22 (1.06–1.42)
Hospitalized in last 12 months 253 (46.9%)   1.50 (1.05–2.13)* 1.12 (0.65–1.95)
No. of visits to health provider
Once/year or less 80 (18.4%) REF REF
2–3 times/year 58 (13.3%) 0.80 (0.40–1.60) 0.44 (0.17–1.16)
41 times/year 298 (68.4%)   0.60 (0.36–0.99)*   0.38 (0.19–0.74)

NOTE: Model 1 demographic factors: gender, race, ethnicity, marital status and education; model 11CKD stage; model 21comorbidities: diabetes, hypertension, and mental status; and model 31healthcare use: hospitalization in the last 12 months and number of visits to a health provider in the last year. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision.

*

P<0.05.

P<0.01.

P<0.001.

§

Includes Asian or mixed race. |Diabetes ICD-9 codes 250.0–250.99.

Hypertension ICD-9 codes 401.0, 401.0, 401.9, 403, 405.09, 405.19, 405.91, 405.99.

#

From Mini-Mental State Exam telephone version (score 1–26).