Table 3.
Logistic regression analyses between electrochemical skin conductance and parameters of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Outcome | Predictor | Adjustment | African American | European American | Meta-analysis | SD of predictor | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | OR1 | SE | P-value | β | OR | SE | P-value | sign | β | SE | P-value | AA | EA | |||
UACR>30 | Global | None | −0.028 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 2.6×10−3 | −0.05 | 0.84 | 0.01 | 2.6×10−5 | -- | −0.035 | 6.98×10−3 | 7.0×10−3 | 18.0 | 15.7 |
UACR>30 | Global | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.030 | 0.87 | 0.01 | 3.0×10−3 | −0.04 | 0.84 | 0.01 | 1.0×10−4 | -- | −0.036 | 7.55×10−3 | 7.5×10−3 | 18.0 | 15.7 |
UACR>30 | Feet | None | −0.023 | 0.89 | 0.01 | 4.3×10−3 | −0.04 | 0.86 | 0.01 | 2.0×10−4 | -- | −0.028 | 6.19×10−3 | 6.2×10−3 | 20.5 | 16.8 |
UACR>30 | Feet | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.025 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 4.9×10−3 | −0.03 | 0.86 | 0.01 | 8.4×10−4 | -- | −0.029 | 6.67×10−3 | 6.7×10−3 | 20.5 | 16.8 |
UACR>30 | Hands | None | −0.026 | 0.89 | 0.01 | 5.1×10−3 | −0.03 | 0.86 | 0.01 | 1.0×10−4 | -- | −0.030 | 6.38×10−3 | 6.4×10−3 | 18.1 | 18.4 |
UACR>30 | Hands | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.028 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 6.6×10−3 | −0.03 | 0.86 | 0.01 | 2.9×10−4 | -- | −0.031 | 6.95×10−3 | 7.0×10−3 | 18.1 | 18.4 |
UACR>30 | Sudoscan-DKD | None | −0.05 | 0.85 | 0.01 | 3.5×10−4 | −0.06 | 0.77 | 0.01 | 1.7×10−7 | -- | −0.06 | 0.01 | 3.7×10−10 | 14.29 | 16.2 |
UACR>30 | Sudoscan-DKD | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.05 | 0.83 | 0.03 | 0.05 | −0.08 | 0.72 | 0.02 | 2.7×10−4 | -- | −0.07 | 0.02 | 5.1×10−6 | 14.29 | 16.2 |
UACR>300 | Global | None | −0.026 | 0.89 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.06 | 0.78 | 0.01 | 3.4×10−7 | -- | −0.041 | 1.35×10−2 | 8.0×10−3 | 18.0 | 15.7 |
UACR>300 | Global | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.031 | 0.87 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.07 | 0.77 | 0.01 | 2.5×10−7 | -- | −0.047 | 1.46×10−2 | 8.6×10−3 | 18.0 | 15.7 |
UACR>300 | Feet | None | −0.022 | 0.90 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.05 | 0.83 | 0.01 | 1.2×10−5 | -- | −0.032 | 1.15×10−2 | 6.9×10−3 | 20.5 | 16.8 |
UACR>300 | Feet | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.026 | 0.87 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.05 | 0.82 | 0.01 | 1.1×10−5 | -- | −0.036 | 1.23×10−2 | 7.3×10−3 | 20.5 | 16.8 |
UACR>300 | Hands | None | −0.024 | 0.90 | 0.01 | 0.03 | −0.05 | 0.79 | 0.01 | 8.5×10−7 | -- | −0.038 | 9.09×10−3 | 7.5×10−3 | 18.1 | 18.4 |
UACR>300 | Hands | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.029 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.06 | 0.78 | 0.01 | 5.0×10−7 | -- | −0.044 | 2.26×10−2 | 8.1×10−3 | 18.1 | 18.4 |
UACR>300 | Sudoscan-DKD | None | −0.04 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.05 | 0.83 | 0.01 | 1.3×10−4 | -- | −0.04 | 0.01 | 5.5×10−6 | 14.29 | 16.2 |
UACR>300 | Sudoscan-DKD | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.07 | 0.78 | 0.03 | 0.02 | −0.14 | 0.57 | 0.03 | 5.2×10−6 | -- | −0.11 | 0.02 | 1.3×10−6 | 14.29 | 16.2 |
eGFR<60 | Global | None | −0.031 | 0.87 | 0.01 | 8.8×10−4 | −0.06 | 0.79 | 0.01 | 2.9×10−7 | -- | −0.042 | 8.00×10−3 | 7.2×10−3 | 18.0 | 15.7 |
eGFR<60 | Global | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.032 | 0.87 | 0.01 | 1.6×10−3 | −0.06 | 0.79 | 0.01 | 1.4×10−6 | -- | −0.043 | 8.57×10−3 | 7.9×10−3 | 18.0 | 15.7 |
eGFR<60 | Feet | None | −0.026 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 1.3×10−3 | −0.05 | 0.82 | 0.01 | 1.1×10−5 | -- | −0.033 | 6.85×10−3 | 6.4×10−3 | 20.5 | 16.8 |
eGFR<60 | Feet | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.027 | 0.87 | 0.01 | 1.7×10−3 | −0.05 | 0.83 | 0.01 | 4.5×10−5 | -- | −0.034 | 7.29×10−3 | 6.9×10−3 | 20.5 | 16.8 |
eGFR<60 | Hands | None | −0.028 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 2.7×10−3 | −0.05 | 0.81 | 0.01 | 9.4×10−7 | -- | −0.037 | 7.54×10−3 | 6.5×10−3 | 18.1 | 18.4 |
eGFR<60 | Hands | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.028 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 6.2×10−3 | −0.05 | 0.81 | 0.01 | 3.5×10−6 | -- | −0.038 | 8.12×10−3 | 7.2×10−3 | 18.1 | 18.4 |
eGFR<60 | Sudoscan-DKD | None | −0.04 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.05 | 0.83 | 0.01 | 1.3×10−4 | -- | −0.04 | 0.01 | 5.5×10−6 | 14.29 | 16.2 |
eGFR<60 | Sudoscan-DKD | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.07 | 0.78 | 0.03 | 0.02 | −0.14 | 0.57 | 0.03 | 5.2×10−6 | -- | −0.11 | 0.02 | 1.3×10−6 | 14.29 | 16.2 |
DKD | Global | None | −0.029 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 1.4×10−3 | −0.06 | 0.80 | 0.01 | 4.9×10−7 | -- | −0.040 | 1.44×10−2 | 7.2×10−3 | 18.0 | 15.7 |
DKD | Global | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.030 | 0.87 | 0.01 | 2.8×10−3 | −0.06 | 0.79 | 0.01 | 1.9×10−6 | -- | −0.041 | 1.54×10−2 | 7.8×10−3 | 18.0 | 15.7 |
DKD | Feet | None | −0.024 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 2.1×10−3 | −0.05 | 0.82 | 0.01 | 1.4×10−5 | -- | −0.032 | 1.25×10−2 | 6.3×10−3 | 20.5 | 16.8 |
DKD | Feet | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.025 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 3.4×10−3 | −0.04 | 0.83 | 0.01 | 5.3×10−5 | -- | −0.033 | 1.31×10−2 | 6.8×10−3 | 20.5 | 16.8 |
DKD | Hands | None | −0.027 | 0.89 | 0.01 | 3.5×10−3 | −0.04 | 0.82 | 0.01 | 1.8×10−6 | -- | −0.035 | 9.96×10−3 | 6.5×10−3 | 18.1 | 18.4 |
DKD | Hands | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.027 | 0.89 | 0.01 | 8.4×10−3 | −0.05 | 0.81 | 0.01 | 5.0×10−6 | -- | −0.036 | 2.68×10−2 | 7.2×10−3 | 18.1 | 18.4 |
DKD | Sudoscan-DKD | None | −0.04 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.05 | 0.83 | 0.01 | 1.3×10−4 | -- | −0.04 | 0.01 | 5.5×10−6 | 14.29 | 16.2 |
DKD | Sudoscan-DKD | Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c | −0.07 | 0.78 | 0.03 | 0.02 | −0.14 | 0.57 | 0.03 | 5.2×10−6 | -- | −0.11 | 0.02 | 1.3×10−6 | 14.29 | 16.2 |
Effect corresponding to a quarter standard deviation (SD) increase in the predictor
β = parameter estimate; OR=odds ratio; SE=standard error; UACR=urine albumin:creatinine ratio; eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; DKD=diabetic kidney disease defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or UACR >30 mg/g; AA=African American; EA=European American.