Table 1.
Baseline demographics and mean mood and volume measures at each study time point.
| Patients with MDD, N = 43 | Controls, N = 32 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Demographics | |||||
|
| |||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 42.0 (13) | 39.70 (12) | |||
| Gender (M/F) | 20/23 | 14/18 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| African American | 2 | 4 | |||
| Asian | 4 | 3 | |||
| Hispanic | 5 | 1 | |||
| White | 30 | 23 | |||
| Multi-ethnic | 2 | 1 | |||
| Adjusted education, years | 15.76 (2.79) | 16.93 (2.29) | |||
| Dextral/non-dextrala | 32/11 | 28/4 | |||
| Clinical Information | |||||
| Unipolar/bipolar | 35/7 | – | |||
| Subjects receiving RUL, mean (SD), % | 86 (27.43) | ||||
| Responders/remitters, % | 68/31 | ||||
| Age at onsetb, mean (SD), y | 29.63 (13.03) | – | |||
| Current episodeb, mean (SD), y | 1.41 (2.21) | – | |||
| Lifetime illnessb, mean (SD), y | 16.71 (12.98) | – | |||
|
| |||||
| Time point | T1, N = 43 | T2, N = 36 | T3, N = 29 | C1, N = 32 | C2, N = 30 |
|
| |||||
| HAM-D | 25.64 (6.12)* | 20.74 (6.40)† | 11.28 (8.11)‡ | – | – |
| QIDS-SR | 20.81 (4.21)* | 16.97 (4.88)† | 9.00 (5.57)‡ | – | – |
| MADRS | 39.61 (9.80)* | 33.43 (8.65)† | 14.21 (10.73)‡ | – | – |
| Brain volumec, mean (SD), cm3 | 1264.23 (140.93) | 1252.71 (144.13) | 1241.61 (133.91) | 1240.91 (167.79) | 1250.03 (167.47) |
| L hippo volumec, mean (SD), mm3 | 3609.95 (359.54)* | 3761.13 (476.05)† | 3978.10 (463.67)‡ | 3967.01 (419.73) | 3991.01 (373.35) |
| R hippo volumec, mean (SD), mm3 | 3683.69 (384.03)* | 3838.91 (375.18)† | 4075.06 (401.45)‡ | 3890.63 (444.34) | 3931.45 (455.76) |
| L amyg volumec, mean (SD), mm3 | 1440.63 (181.83)* | 1478.37 (198.53)† | 1574.89 (214.31)‡ | 1525.82 (214.34) | 1532.27 (201.10) |
| R amyg volumec, mean (SD), mm3 | 1451.08 (185.04)* | 1505.94 (226.63)† | 1586.96 (224.86)‡ | 1530.25 (221.69) | 1526.09 (192.16) |
Abbreviations: T1: Patient baseline; T2: After the 2nd ECT; T3: After the ECT index series; C1: Control baseline; C2: Control follow-up; RUL: Right unilateral lead placement; HAM-D: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; QIDS-SR: Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Self-Report; MADRS: Montgomery – Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Responders defined as patients with a >50% improvement in HAM-D scores over the course of treatment, Remitters defined as patients with HAMD < 7 at the end of ECT, L: left, R: right, hippo: hippocampus, amyg: amygdala.
Handedness was estimated using the modified Edinburgh Handedness lnventory(77) where a laterality quotient of < .7 was used to define non-dextrals.
Data for 1 patient each was missing for education, age of onset, duration of current episode and duration of lifetime illness (with lifetime illness estimated from patient self-report).
Means for MRI measures are adjusted for covariates in the statistical model including age and gender and/or brain volume.
Significant effect between T1 and T2,
significant effect between T2 and T3;
significant effect between T1 and T3.