Table 2.
Analyses of the relationship of perceived risk and bias with concurrent and lagged outcomes. Actual risk was measured by FRAX score. Bias is indicated by the interaction of standardized actual risk and perceived risk. Perceived risk and bias (interaction of perceived risk and standardized actual risk) at baseline, 1- and 2- years was used to predict the outcomes at 1-, 2- and 3- years in the lagged analyses. Bold indicates significant following Type I error correction. SR=self-report, EMR=electronic medical record.
| Concurrent Analyses | Lagged Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Outcome | Predictor | Coefficient or Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval | P-value | Coefficient or Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval | P-value |
| EQ-5D | Perceived Risk | −.015 | −.018, −.013 | <.001 | −.006 | −.009, −.003 | <.001 |
| Actual Risk | −.0001 | −.0006, .0003 | .516 | −.0001 | −.0005, .0003 | .661 | |
| Perceived Risk * Actual Risk |
−.003 | −.006, −.0005 | .017 | .0005 | −.002, .003 | .720 | |
| Self-reported Health | Perceived Risk | −.131 | −.145, −.116 | <.001 | −.052 | −.069, −.035 | <.001 |
| Actual Risk | −.002 | −.005, .001 | .188 | −.002 | −.005, .0008 | .168 | |
| Perceived Risk * Actual Risk |
.003 | −.011, .017 | .705 | −.002 | −.018, .014 | .795 | |
| Medication use, SR | Perceived Risk | 1.555 | 1.408, 1.717 | <.001 | 1.365 | 1.229, 1.507 | <.001 |
| Actual Risk | 1.038 | 1.029, 1.047 | <.001 | 1.039 | 1.030, 1.049 | <.001 | |
| Perceived Risk * Actual Risk |
.904 | .850, .962 | .001 | .909 | .849, .974 | .007 | |
| Medication use, EMR | Perceived Risk | 1.336 | 1.211, 1.473 | <.001 | 1.240 | 1.117, 1.376 | <.001 |
| Actual Risk | 1.040 | 1.031, 1.050 | <.001 | 1.040 | 1.030, 1.051 | <.001 | |
| Perceived Risk * Actual Risk |
.935 | .880, .992 | .027 | .930 | .866, .999 | .046 | |
| Supplement use | Perceived Risk | 1.082 | 1.036, 1.129 | <.001 | 1.024 | .977, 1.074 | .328 |
| Actual Risk | 1.022 | 1.014, 1.030 | <.001 | 1.016 | 1.009, 1.024 | <.001 | |
| Perceived Risk * Actual Risk |
1.001 | .958, 1.047 | .949 | .957 | .912, 1.005 | .076 | |
| Walking | Perceived Risk | .856 | .812, .902 | <.001 | .936 | .881, .994 | .031 |
| Actual Risk | 1.003 | .996, 1.010 | .428 | 1.002 | .995, 1.009 | .606 | |
| Perceived Risk * Actual Risk |
1.038 | .986, 1.092 | .154 | 1.024 | .968, 1.083 | .403 | |
| Bone test, SR | Perceived Risk | 1.156 | 1.093, 1.221 | <.001 | 1.153 | 1.078, 1.234 | <.001 |
| Actual Risk | 1.006 | 1.001, 1.012 | .030 | 1.008 | 1.001, 1.015 | .018 | |
| Perceived Risk * Actual Risk |
1.047 | .993, 1.104 | .089 | .989 | .929, 1.053 | .726 | |
| Bone test, EMR | Perceived Risk | 1.194 | 1.126, 1.266 | <.001 | 1.251 | 1.162, 1.347 | <.001 |
| Actual Risk | 1.003 | .997, 1.008 | .379 | 1.005 | .998, 1.012 | .135 | |
| Perceived Risk * Actual Risk |
.967 | .913, 1.024 | .253 | .989 | .931, 1.050 | .717 | |
Covariates in all models included: education, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, disease count, whether a woman experienced early menopause and baseline falls.